Abstract
Nitrogen fertilizers in agriculture often suffer losses. Ammonia-assimilating bacteria can immobilize ammonia and reduce these losses, but they have not been used in agriculture. This study identified an ammonia-assimilating strain, Enterobacter sp. B12, which assimilated ammonia via the glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) pathway at low levels (5 mM) and the glutamine synthetase (GS)-glutamine-2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase (GOGAT) pathway at high levels (10 mM). Inoculating wheat with B12 increased seedling dry weight, nitrogen accumulation, rhizosphere soil nitrogen content, and root enzyme activities, including GDH, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD), under both conditions. However, root GS, GOGAT enzyme activities, and ammonia assimilation-related gene expressions were lower than the controls. The results suggest that the ammonia-assimilating bacterium promotes wheat growth, nitrogen accumulation, and soil nitrogen immobilization by establishing an ammonia and amino acid exchange with roots and enhancing root antioxidant capacity, making it a potential plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR).
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Enterobacter sp. B12 assimilated ammonia via the GDH pathway at low (5 mM) levels.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Interactor
- Enterobacter sp. B12
Enterobacter sp. B12e1symbiont - Gene
- glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH)e1
- Outcome
- assimilated ammoniae1
- Qualifier
- at low levels (5 mM)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Promote Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Growth”
e1“This study identified an ammonia-assimilating strain, Enterobacter sp. B12, which assimilated ammonia via the glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) pathway at low levels (5 mM)”
Claim · model-written summary
Enterobacter sp. B12 assimilated ammonia via the GS-GOGAT pathway at high (10 mM) levels.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Interactor
- Enterobacter sp. B12Enterobacter sp. B12e3symbiont
- Gene
- glutamine synthetase (GS)-glutamine-2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase (GOGAT)e3
- Outcome
- assimilated ammoniae3
- Qualifier
- at high levels (10 mM)e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Promote Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Growth”
e3“Enterobacter sp. B12, which assimilated ammonia via the glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) pathway at low levels (5 mM) and the glutamine synthetase (GS)-glutamine-2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase (GOGAT) pathway at high levels (10 mM)”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculating wheat with B12 increased seedling dry weight, nitrogen accumulation and rhizosphere soil nitrogen content under both conditions.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Inoculating wheat with B12e2
- Interactor
- Enterobacter sp. B12Enterobacter sp. B12e1symbiont
- Outcome
- seedling dry weight, nitrogen accumulation, rhizosphere soil nitrogen contente2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Qualifier
- under both conditionse2
- Comparator
- controlse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Promote Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Growth”
e2“Inoculating wheat with B12 increased seedling dry weight, nitrogen accumulation, rhizosphere soil nitrogen content, and root enzyme activities, including GDH, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD), under both conditions”
e1“This study identified an ammonia-assimilating strain, Enterobacter sp. B12, which assimilated ammonia via the glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) pathway at low levels (5 mM)”
e4“root GS, GOGAT enzyme activities, and ammonia assimilation-related gene expressions were lower than the controls”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculating wheat with B12 increased root GDH, SOD and CAT activities compared with controls.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Inoculating wheat with B12e2
- Gene
- GDH, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT)e2
- Outcome
- root enzyme activitiese2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Comparator
- controlse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Promote Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Growth”
e2“Inoculating wheat with B12 increased seedling dry weight, nitrogen accumulation, rhizosphere soil nitrogen content, and root enzyme activities, including GDH, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD), under both conditions”
e4“root GS, GOGAT enzyme activities, and ammonia assimilation-related gene expressions were lower than the controls”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculating wheat with B12 increased root peroxidase (POD) activity compared with controls.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Inoculating wheat with B12e2
- Gene
- peroxidase (POD)e2
- Outcome
- root enzyme activitiese2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Comparator
- controlse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Promote Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Growth”
e2“Inoculating wheat with B12 increased seedling dry weight, nitrogen accumulation, rhizosphere soil nitrogen content, and root enzyme activities, including GDH, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD), under both conditions”
e4“root GS, GOGAT enzyme activities, and ammonia assimilation-related gene expressions were lower than the controls”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculating wheat with B12 lowered root GS and GOGAT enzyme activities compared with controls.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Inoculating wheat with B12e2
- Gene
- GS, GOGATe4
- Outcome
- root GS, GOGAT enzyme activitiese4
- Direction
- lowere4
- Comparator
- controlse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Promote Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Growth”
e2“Inoculating wheat with B12 increased seedling dry weight, nitrogen accumulation, rhizosphere soil nitrogen content, and root enzyme activities, including GDH, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD), under both conditions”
e4“root GS, GOGAT enzyme activities, and ammonia assimilation-related gene expressions were lower than the controls”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculating wheat with B12 lowered ammonia assimilation-related gene expression compared with controls.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Inoculating wheat with B12e2
- Outcome
- ammonia assimilation-related gene expressionse4
- Direction
- lowere4
- Comparator
- controlse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Promote Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Growth”
e2“Inoculating wheat with B12 increased seedling dry weight, nitrogen accumulation, rhizosphere soil nitrogen content, and root enzyme activities, including GDH, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD), under both conditions”
e4“root GS, GOGAT enzyme activities, and ammonia assimilation-related gene expressions were lower than the controls”
Claim · model-written summary
The ammonia-assimilating bacterium promotes wheat growth and nitrogen accumulation by ammonia and amino acid exchange with roots and enhanced root antioxidant capacity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume5
- Interactor
- ammonia-assimilating bacteriume5symbiont
- Outcome
- wheat growth, nitrogen accumulation, and soil nitrogen immobilizatione5
- Qualifier
- by establishing an ammonia and amino acid exchange with roots and enhancing root antioxidant capacitye5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Promote Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Growth”
e5“The results suggest that the ammonia-assimilating bacterium promotes wheat growth, nitrogen accumulation, and soil nitrogen immobilization by establishing an ammonia and amino acid exchange with roots and enhancing root antioxidant capacity”
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See all 65 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.