Abstract
ABSTRACT Yield loss of the ratoon crop due to rolling damage during the mechanical harvesting of the main crop (MEC) severely limits the promotion of mechanized rice ratooning technology. Our previous study showed that MEC changed the population structure of the ratoon crop by forming a rolled zone and non‐rolled zone (NRZ), resulting in a positive border effect on the yield of the NRZ, which reduced the yield loss. Nitrogen (N) management has a great impact on matter accumulation and yield formation in ratoon crops. However, it remains unclear whether the border effect on the yield of NRZ is affected by the N rate. The hypothesis is that N rates would affect the border effect on NRZ yield, thereby increasing or decreasing yield loss. To address this question, field experiments were conducted with two harvest methods for the main crop (MEC: mechanical harvesting, MAN: manual harvesting) and three N rates for the ratoon crop (N0: 0, MN: 120, and HN: 180 kg N ha −1 ) in 2021 and 2022. The results showed that the yield loss declined from 22.4% to 13.2% as the N rate increased from 0 to 180 kg ha −1 . The reduction in yield loss was attributed to the increased border effect of higher N supply on NRZ yield. The border effect on NRZ yield was −7.0%, 5.0%, and 10.7% in N0, MN, and HN, respectively. Compared with MAN, the yield reduction of NRZ in N0 was mainly due to the lower yield of the nonrolled side row (R2) and middle row (R3), while the yield increase in NRZ in MN was mainly due to the increased yield of the nonrolled single row (R1), and the yield increase in NRZ in HN was mainly due to the increased yield of both R1 and R2. A high N rate improved root vigor and increased the N uptake and leaf area index of nonrolled rows in MEC, which increased the panicles m −2 and total dry matter weight. With the increase in the N rate, the border effect on these yield attributes of R1 and R2 gradually increased, especially for R1, thereby increasing the border effect on the NRZ yield. Our results indicate that the border effect on the NRZ yield was affected by the N rate. High N supply reduced yield loss of the ratoon crop by increasing the border effect on NRZ yield. The appropriate N rate should be further determined to balance the yield and economic and environmental benefits of the ratoon crop in mechanized rice ratooning systems.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing nitrogen reduced ratoon yield loss from 22.4% to 13.2%.
- Taxon
- Rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- N rate increased from 0 to 180 kg ha −1e0
- Outcome
- yield losse0
- Direction
- declinede0
- Value
- 22.4% to 13.2%e0
- Comparator
- 0e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“yield loss declined from 22.4% to 13.2% as the N rate increased from 0 to 180 kg ha −1”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher nitrogen reduced yield loss through a larger border effect.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- higher N supplye0
- Outcome
- yield losse0
- Qualifier
- increased border effect of higher N supply on NRZ yielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The reduction in yield loss was attributed to the increased border effect of higher N supply on NRZ yield”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The N0 border effect on NRZ yield was −7.0%.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- N0e0
- Outcome
- border effect on NRZ yielde0
- Value
- −7.0%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The border effect on NRZ yield was −7.0%, 5.0%, and 10.7% in N0, MN, and HN, respectively”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The MN border effect on NRZ yield was 5.0%.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- MNe0
- Outcome
- border effect on NRZ yielde0
- Value
- 5.0%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The border effect on NRZ yield was −7.0%, 5.0%, and 10.7% in N0, MN, and HN, respectively”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The HN border effect on NRZ yield was 10.7%.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- HNe0
- Outcome
- border effect on NRZ yielde0
- Value
- 10.7%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The border effect on NRZ yield was −7.0%, 5.0%, and 10.7% in N0, MN, and HN, respectively”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
At N0, lower R2 and R3 yields explained lower NRZ yield.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- N0e0
- Outcome
- yield reduction of NRZe0
- Qualifier
- lower yield of the nonrolled side row (R2) and middle row (R3)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the yield reduction of NRZ in N0 was mainly due to the lower yield of the nonrolled side row (R2) and middle row (R3)”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
At MN, higher R1 yield explained higher NRZ yield.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- MNe0
- Outcome
- yield increase in NRZe0
- Qualifier
- increased yield of the nonrolled single row (R1)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the yield increase in NRZ in MN was mainly due to the increased yield of the nonrolled single row (R1)”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
At HN, higher R1 and R2 yields explained higher NRZ yield.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- HNe0
- Outcome
- yield increase in NRZe0
- Qualifier
- increased yield of both R1 and R2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the yield increase in NRZ in HN was mainly due to the increased yield of both R1 and R2”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
High nitrogen improved root vigor.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- high N ratee0
- Outcome
- root vigore0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A high N rate improved root vigor and increased the N uptake and leaf area index of nonrolled rows in MEC”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
High nitrogen increased N uptake.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- high N ratee0
- Outcome
- N uptakee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A high N rate improved root vigor and increased the N uptake and leaf area index of nonrolled rows in MEC”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
High nitrogen increased leaf area index.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- high N ratee0
- Outcome
- leaf area indexe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A high N rate improved root vigor and increased the N uptake and leaf area index of nonrolled rows in MEC”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
High nitrogen increased panicle density and dry matter weight.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- panicles m −2 and total dry matter weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“which increased the panicles m −2 and total dry matter weight”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Border effects on R1 and R2 yield attributes increased with nitrogen, especially R1.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- N ratee0
- Outcome
- border effect on these yield attributes of R1 and R2e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With the increase in the N rate, the border effect on these yield attributes of R1 and R2 gradually increased, especially for R1”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The appropriate nitrogen rate should be determined to balance yield, economics, and environmental benefits.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- appropriate N rate should be further determined to balance the yield and economic and environmental benefitse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The appropriate N rate should be further determined to balance the yield and economic and environmental benefits of the ratoon crop in mechanized rice ratooning systems”
t0“Rice”
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