Abstract
Stylo (Stylosanthes guianensis) is a tropical legume that exhibits considerable tolerance to manganese (Mn) toxicity, which severely constrains plant growth in acidic soils. To elucidate the Mn detoxification mechanisms in stylo, this study investigated the excess Mn-regulated metabolic profile of stylo roots and examined the role of metabolic enzymes in Mn tolerance. Excess Mn triggered oxidative stress in the 2 stylo genotypes tested. However, Mn-stimulated activation of antioxidant defense systems was observed in the Mn-tolerant genotype RY5 but not in the Mn-sensitive genotype TF0317. Metabolomic analysis of the Mn-tolerant RY5 roots revealed numerous excess Mn-responsive metabolites, mainly related to flavonoids and phenolic acids. Furthermore, a set of genes involved in the phenylpropanoid/flavonoid pathway were upregulated by excess Mn in stylo roots, especially in RY5. We characterized the excess Mn-inducible gene SgPAL2, encoding phenylalanine ammonia-lyase. SgPAL2 localized to the endoplasmic reticulum. Compared with control plants, SgPAL2 overexpression led to increases in shoot and root dry weights under Mn-excess conditions, whereas SgPAL2 suppression had the opposite effect. Moreover, SgPAL2 overexpression dramatically altered secondary metabolism, particularly flavonoid metabolism. In a bioassay, the inhibition of root elongation caused by excess Mn was alleviated by treatment with exogenous calycosin, an SgPAL2-regulated isoflavonoid, suggesting calycosin can detoxify Mn. Taken together, these findings indicate that SgPAL2 plays a critical role in enhancing Mn tolerance in stylo through metabolic regulation.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Excess Mn stimulated activation of antioxidant defence systems in the Mn-tolerant genotype RY5.
- Taxon
- Stylosanthes guianensis
.jpg?width=60)
Stylosanthes guianensist0 - Material
- RY5e0
- Treatment
- excess Mne1
- Outcome
- activation of antioxidant defense systemse0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Stylosanthes guianensis”
e0“Mn-stimulated activation of antioxidant defense systems was observed in the Mn-tolerant genotype RY5 but not in the Mn-sensitive genotype TF0317”
e1“Excess Mn triggered oxidative stress in the 2 stylo genotypes tested”
Claim · model-written summary
Excess Mn did not activate antioxidant defence systems in the Mn-sensitive genotype TF0317.
- Taxon
- Stylosanthes guianensisStylosanthes guianensist0
- Material
- TF0317e0
- Treatment
- excess Mne1
- Outcome
- activation of antioxidant defense systemse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Stylosanthes guianensis”
e0“Mn-stimulated activation of antioxidant defense systems was observed in the Mn-tolerant genotype RY5 but not in the Mn-sensitive genotype TF0317”
e1“Excess Mn triggered oxidative stress in the 2 stylo genotypes tested”
Claim · model-written summary
Excess Mn triggered oxidative stress in stylo genotypes.
- Taxon
- Stylosanthes guianensisStylosanthes guianensist0
- Treatment
- Excess Mne1
- Outcome
- oxidative stresse1
- Direction
- triggerede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Stylosanthes guianensis”
e1“Excess Mn triggered oxidative stress in the 2 stylo genotypes tested”
Claim · model-written summary
Metabolomic analysis of RY5 roots revealed numerous excess Mn-responsive metabolites, mainly related to flavonoids and phenolic acids.
- Taxon
- Stylosanthes guianensisStylosanthes guianensist0
- Material
- RY5e0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Outcome
- excess Mn-responsive metabolitese0
- Qualifier
- mainly related to flavonoids and phenolic acidse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Stylosanthes guianensis”
e0“Metabolomic analysis of the Mn-tolerant RY5 roots revealed numerous excess Mn-responsive metabolites, mainly related to flavonoids and phenolic acids”
Claim · model-written summary
Excess Mn upregulated a set of phenylpropanoid/flavonoid pathway genes in stylo roots, especially in RY5.
- Taxon
- Stylosanthes guianensisStylosanthes guianensist0
- Material
- RY5e0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- excess Mne0
- Outcome
- a set of genes involved in the phenylpropanoid/flavonoid pathwaye0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Stylosanthes guianensis”
e0“a set of genes involved in the phenylpropanoid/flavonoid pathway were upregulated by excess Mn in stylo roots, especially in RY5”
Claim · model-written summary
SgPAL2 localized to the endoplasmic reticulum.
- Taxon
- Stylosanthes guianensisStylosanthes guianensist0
- Gene
- SgPAL2e0
- Outcome
- localizede0
- Qualifier
- endoplasmic reticulume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Stylosanthes guianensis”
e0“SgPAL2 localized to the endoplasmic reticulum”
Claim · model-written summary
SgPAL2 overexpression increased shoot and root dry weights under Mn-excess conditions compared with control plants.
- Taxon
- Stylosanthes guianensisStylosanthes guianensist0
- Treatment
- SgPAL2 overexpressione0
- Gene
- SgPAL2e0
- Outcome
- shoot and root dry weightse0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Qualifier
- under Mn-excess conditionse0
- Comparator
- control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Stylosanthes guianensis”
e0“Compared with control plants, SgPAL2 overexpression led to increases in shoot and root dry weights under Mn-excess conditions, whereas SgPAL2 suppression had the opposite effect”
Claim · model-written summary
SgPAL2 suppression decreased shoot and root dry weights relative to control plants.
- Taxon
- Stylosanthes guianensisStylosanthes guianensist0
- Treatment
- SgPAL2 suppressione0
- Gene
- SgPAL2e0
- Outcome
- shoot and root dry weightse0
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede0
- Comparator
- control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Stylosanthes guianensis”
e0“Compared with control plants, SgPAL2 overexpression led to increases in shoot and root dry weights under Mn-excess conditions, whereas SgPAL2 suppression had the opposite effect”
Claim · model-written summary
SgPAL2 overexpression altered secondary metabolism, particularly flavonoid metabolism.
- Taxon
- Stylosanthes guianensisStylosanthes guianensist0
- Treatment
- SgPAL2 overexpressione0
- Gene
- SgPAL2e0
- Outcome
- secondary metabolisme0
- Direction
- alterede0
- Qualifier
- particularly flavonoid metabolisme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Stylosanthes guianensis”
e0“SgPAL2 overexpression dramatically altered secondary metabolism, particularly flavonoid metabolism”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous calycosin alleviated the root elongation inhibition caused by excess Mn.
- Taxon
- Stylosanthes guianensisStylosanthes guianensist0
- Treatment
- exogenous calycosine0
- Compound
- calycosine0
- Outcome
- root elongatione0
- Direction
- alleviatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Stylosanthes guianensis”
e0“In a bioassay, the inhibition of root elongation caused by excess Mn was alleviated by treatment with exogenous calycosin”
Claim · model-written summary
Calycosin, an SgPAL2-regulated isoflavonoid, suggests that calycosin detoxifies Mn.
- Taxon
- Stylosanthes guianensisStylosanthes guianensist0
- Gene
- SgPAL2e0
- Compound
- calycosine0
- Outcome
- detoxify Mne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Stylosanthes guianensis”
e0“calycosin, an SgPAL2-regulated isoflavonoid, suggesting calycosin can detoxify Mn”
Claim · model-written summary
SgPAL2 enhances Mn tolerance in stylo through metabolic regulation.
- Taxon
- Stylosanthes guianensisStylosanthes guianensist0
- Gene
- SgPAL2e0
- Outcome
- Mn tolerancee0
- Qualifier
- through metabolic regulatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Stylosanthes guianensis”
e0“SgPAL2 plays a critical role in enhancing Mn tolerance in stylo through metabolic regulation”
The same questions in other papers
manganese atom · physiology: oxidative · Stylosanthes guianensis (stylo)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.