Abstract
A field experiment was conducted during the Rabi season of 2021-22 at the Agronomy Research Farm, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana. The experiment followed a randomized complete block design with three replications. This study attempts to examine how Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) affects chickpea growth, yield and productivity. Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) is a sustainable farming method that improves soil fertility, crop output, and quality by combining biofertilizers, organic and inorganic fertilisers, and other nutrient sources. In addition to providing the necessary plant nutrients, the use of vermicompost as an organic source and biofertilizers such as Rhizobium and PSB (Phosphate Solubilising Bacteria) as living sources in conjunction with inorganic fertilisers has improved the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of the soil and contributed to environmental and soil sustainability. The treatments were as follows: T1: control, T2: 100% RDF (18:48:0 kg ha⁻¹), T3: 100% vermicompost (3.00 t ha⁻¹), T4: 75% RDF + 25% vermicompost (0.75 t ha⁻¹), T5: 50% RDF + 50% vermicompost (1.5 t ha⁻¹), T6: 25% RDF + 75% vermicompost (2.25 t ha⁻¹), T7: 75% RDF + 25% vermicompost (0.75 t ha⁻¹) + biofertilizers (Rhizobium + PSB), T8: 50% RDF + 50% vermicompost (1.5 t ha⁻¹) + biofertilizers (Rhizobium + PSB), and T9: 25% RDF + 75% vermicompost (2.25 t ha⁻¹) + biofertilizers (Rhizobium + PSB). The results indicated that the application of 75% RDF + 25% vermicompost (0.75 t ha⁻¹) combined with biofertilizers (Rhizobium + PSB) yielded the highest growth attributes, such as plant height (37.5 cm and 77.5 cm at 60 and 120 DAS, respectively) and dry matter accumulation (2.6 g/plant and 21.7 g/plant at 60 and 120 DAS, respectively). This treatment also showed the highest yield attributes, including the number of branches per plant (7.4), number of pods per branch (53.8), number of seeds per pod (2.0), and test weight (14.8 g). The highest grain yield, biological yield, straw yield, gross return and B:C ratio were recorded under the 75% RDF + 25% vermicompost (0.75 t ha⁻¹) + biofertilizers (Rhizobium + PSB) treatment, followed by the 75% RDF + 25% vermicompost (0.75 t ha⁻¹) and 100% RDF (18:48:0 kg ha⁻¹) treatments. The control treatment produced the lowest grain yield (1395 kg ha⁻¹). The maximum harvest index (45%) was observed in the treatment with 100% vermicompost (3.00 t ha⁻¹). The study highlights that the treatment of 75% RDF + 25% vermicompost (0.75 t ha⁻¹) combined with biofertilizers significantly improved growth attributes and yield components of chickpea. This finding underscores the role of INM in sustainable intensification of chickpea production. (*RDF; Recommended Dose of Fertilizer, *PSB; Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria.).
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
The 75% RDF + 25% vermicompost treatment combined with biofertilizers gave the highest plant height of chickpea (37.5 cm and 77.5 cm at 60 and 120 DAS).
- Taxon
- Chickpea
Cicer arietinumt0 - Treatment
- 75% RDF + 25% vermicompost (0.75 t ha⁻¹) combined with biofertilizers (Rhizobium + PSB)e1
- Second interactor
- PSBe1other
- Outcome
- plant heighte1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 37.5 cm and 77.5 cme1
- Qualifier
- at 60 and 120 DASe1
RhizobiumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
e1“the application of 75% RDF + 25% vermicompost (0.75 t ha⁻¹) combined with biofertilizers (Rhizobium + PSB) yielded the highest growth attributes, such as plant height (37.5 cm and 77.5 cm at 60 and 120 DAS, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
The same treatment gave the highest dry matter accumulation of chickpea (2.6 g/plant and 21.7 g/plant at 60 and 120 DAS).
- Taxon
- ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- 75% RDF + 25% vermicompost (0.75 t ha⁻¹) combined with biofertilizers (Rhizobium + PSB)e1
- Second interactor
- PSBe1other
- Outcome
- dry matter accumulatione2
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 2.6 g/plant and 21.7 g/plante2
- Qualifier
- at 60 and 120 DASe2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
e1“the application of 75% RDF + 25% vermicompost (0.75 t ha⁻¹) combined with biofertilizers (Rhizobium + PSB) yielded the highest growth attributes, such as plant height (37.5 cm and 77.5 cm at 60 and 120 DAS, respectively)”
e2“dry matter accumulation (2.6 g/plant and 21.7 g/plant at 60 and 120 DAS, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
The same treatment gave the highest number of branches per plant of chickpea (7.4).
- Taxon
- ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- 75% RDF + 25% vermicompost (0.75 t ha⁻¹) combined with biofertilizers (Rhizobium + PSB)e1
- Second interactor
- PSBe1other
- Outcome
- number of branches per plante3
- Direction
- higheste3
- Value
- 7.4e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
e1“the application of 75% RDF + 25% vermicompost (0.75 t ha⁻¹) combined with biofertilizers (Rhizobium + PSB) yielded the highest growth attributes, such as plant height (37.5 cm and 77.5 cm at 60 and 120 DAS, respectively)”
e3“This treatment also showed the highest yield attributes, including the number of branches per plant (7.4)”
Claim · model-written summary
The same treatment gave the highest number of pods per branch of chickpea (53.8).
- Taxon
- ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- 75% RDF + 25% vermicompost (0.75 t ha⁻¹) combined with biofertilizers (Rhizobium + PSB)e1
- Second interactor
- PSBe1other
- Outcome
- number of pods per branche4
- Direction
- higheste3
- Value
- 53.8e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
e1“the application of 75% RDF + 25% vermicompost (0.75 t ha⁻¹) combined with biofertilizers (Rhizobium + PSB) yielded the highest growth attributes, such as plant height (37.5 cm and 77.5 cm at 60 and 120 DAS, respectively)”
e3“This treatment also showed the highest yield attributes, including the number of branches per plant (7.4)”
e4“number of pods per branch (53.8)”
Claim · model-written summary
The same treatment gave the highest number of seeds per pod of chickpea (2.0).
- Taxon
- ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- 75% RDF + 25% vermicompost (0.75 t ha⁻¹) combined with biofertilizers (Rhizobium + PSB)e1
- Second interactor
- PSBe1other
- Outcome
- number of seeds per pode5
- Direction
- higheste3
- Value
- 2.0e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
e1“the application of 75% RDF + 25% vermicompost (0.75 t ha⁻¹) combined with biofertilizers (Rhizobium + PSB) yielded the highest growth attributes, such as plant height (37.5 cm and 77.5 cm at 60 and 120 DAS, respectively)”
e3“This treatment also showed the highest yield attributes, including the number of branches per plant (7.4)”
e5“number of seeds per pod (2.0)”
Claim · model-written summary
The same treatment gave the highest test weight of chickpea (14.8 g).
- Taxon
- ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- 75% RDF + 25% vermicompost (0.75 t ha⁻¹) combined with biofertilizers (Rhizobium + PSB)e1
- Second interactor
- PSBe1other
- Outcome
- test weighte6
- Direction
- higheste3
- Value
- 14.8 ge6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
e1“the application of 75% RDF + 25% vermicompost (0.75 t ha⁻¹) combined with biofertilizers (Rhizobium + PSB) yielded the highest growth attributes, such as plant height (37.5 cm and 77.5 cm at 60 and 120 DAS, respectively)”
e3“This treatment also showed the highest yield attributes, including the number of branches per plant (7.4)”
e6“test weight (14.8 g)”
Claim · model-written summary
The 75% RDF + 25% vermicompost treatment with biofertilizers gave the highest grain, biological and straw yields of chickpea.
- Taxon
- ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- 75% RDF + 25% vermicompost (0.75 t ha⁻¹) + biofertilizers (Rhizobium + PSB)e7
- Second interactor
- PSBe7other
- Outcome
- grain yield, biological yield, straw yielde7
- Direction
- higheste7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
e7“The highest grain yield, biological yield, straw yield, gross return and B:C ratio were recorded under the 75% RDF + 25% vermicompost (0.75 t ha⁻¹) + biofertilizers (Rhizobium + PSB) treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
The same treatment gave the highest gross return and B:C ratio of chickpea.
- Taxon
- ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- 75% RDF + 25% vermicompost (0.75 t ha⁻¹) + biofertilizers (Rhizobium + PSB)e7
- Second interactor
- PSBe7other
- Outcome
- gross return and B:C ratioe7
- Direction
- higheste7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
e7“The highest grain yield, biological yield, straw yield, gross return and B:C ratio were recorded under the 75% RDF + 25% vermicompost (0.75 t ha⁻¹) + biofertilizers (Rhizobium + PSB) treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
The control treatment gave the lowest grain yield of chickpea (1395 kg ha⁻¹).
- Taxon
- ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- control treatmente7
- Outcome
- grain yielde7
- Direction
- loweste7
- Value
- 1395 kg ha⁻¹e7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
e7“The control treatment produced the lowest grain yield (1395 kg ha⁻¹)”
Claim · model-written summary
The 100% vermicompost (3.00 t ha⁻¹) treatment gave the maximum harvest index of chickpea (45%).
- Taxon
- ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- 100% vermicompost (3.00 t ha⁻¹)e7
- Outcome
- harvest indexe7
- Direction
- maximume7
- Value
- 45%e7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
e7“The maximum harvest index (45%) was observed in the treatment with 100% vermicompost (3.00 t ha⁻¹)”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.