Paper · 2023 · International Journal of Environment and Climate Change

Response of Biofertilizer and Foliar Spray of Boron on Growth and Yield of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

Pranay P. Dhote; Biswarup Mehera; Prateek Kumar; et al.

12
claims
35
verbatim quotes
2
citations
2
research areas
✓
Open access

Abstract

A field experiment was carried out at Crop Research Farm, Naini Agriculture Institute, Department of Agronomy, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj during Rabi, 2022 on sandy loamy soil. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design, Replicated thrice, consisting of ten treatments i.e., Rhizobium 20 g + Boron 0.25%, Rhizobium 20 g + Boron 0.5%, Rhizobium 20 g + Boron 0.75%, PSB 20 g + Boron - 0.25%, PSB 20 g + Boron - 0.5%, PSB 20 g + Boron – 0.75%, Rhizobium 10 g + PSB 10 g + Boron - 0.25%, Rhizobium 10 g + PSB 10 g + Boron - 0.5%, Rhizobium 10 g + PSB 10 g + Boron - 0.75%, and Control Plot. The field experiment result revealed that Rhizobium 10 g + PSB 10 g + Boron - 0.75% has significantly increased the growth parameters viz., Plant height (46.54 cm), Number of nodules/plant (16.44), Plant dry weight (15.37 g/plant), pods/plant (55.61), seeds/pod (2.52), test weight (265.6 g), Seed yield (1.99 t/ha), Stover yield (5.95 t/ha) and Harvest index (25.06%). The economics of experiment, i.e., maximum gross return (106464.00 INR/ha), net return (76796 INR/ha) and B:C ratio (2.58) was also recorded in Rhizobium 10 g + PSB 10 g + Boron - 0.75%.

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Claims 12

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Rhizobium 10 g + PSB 10 g + Boron 0.75% significantly increased chickpea plant height to 46.54 cm.

Taxon
ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
Treatment
Rhizobium 10 g + PSB 10 g + Boron - 0.75%e1
Interactor
RhizobiumRhizobiume1symbiont
Second interactor
PSBe1other
Outcome
Plant heighte1
Direction
increasede1
Value
46.54 cme1

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Cicer arietinum
Cicer arietinum · TaxonSanjay Acharya · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Rhizobium
Rhizobium · Interactor · picture of the genus (one of its species)Ninjatacoshell · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e1

“Rhizobium 10 g + PSB 10 g + Boron - 0.75% has significantly increased the growth parameters viz., Plant height (46.54 cm)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 693–814 · show in text ↑
t0

“Chickpea”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 75–83 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

The same treatment significantly increased the number of nodules per plant to 16.44.

Taxon
ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
Treatment
Rhizobium 10 g + PSB 10 g + Boron - 0.75%e1
Interactor
RhizobiumRhizobiume1symbiont
Second interactor
PSBe1other
Outcome
Number of nodules/plante2
Direction
increasede1
Value
16.44e2

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Cicer arietinum
Cicer arietinum · TaxonSanjay Acharya · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Rhizobium
Rhizobium · Interactor · picture of the genus (one of its species)Ninjatacoshell · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e1

“Rhizobium 10 g + PSB 10 g + Boron - 0.75% has significantly increased”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 693–762 · show in text ↑
e2

“Number of nodules/plant (16.44)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 816–847 · show in text ↑
t0

“Chickpea”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 75–83 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

The same treatment significantly increased plant dry weight to 15.37 g/plant.

Taxon
ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
Treatment
Rhizobium 10 g + PSB 10 g + Boron - 0.75%e1
Interactor
RhizobiumRhizobiume1symbiont
Second interactor
PSBe1other
Outcome
Plant dry weighte2
Direction
increasede1
Value
15.37 g/plante2

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Cicer arietinum
Cicer arietinum · TaxonSanjay Acharya · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Rhizobium
Rhizobium · Interactor · picture of the genus (one of its species)Ninjatacoshell · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e1

“Rhizobium 10 g + PSB 10 g + Boron - 0.75% has significantly increased”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 693–762 · show in text ↑
e2

“Plant dry weight (15.37 g/plant)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 849–881 · show in text ↑
t0

“Chickpea”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 75–83 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

The same treatment significantly increased pods per plant to 55.61.

Taxon
ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
Treatment
Rhizobium 10 g + PSB 10 g + Boron - 0.75%e1
Interactor
RhizobiumRhizobiume1symbiont
Second interactor
PSBe1other
Outcome
pods/plante2
Direction
increasede1
Value
55.61e2

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Cicer arietinum
Cicer arietinum · TaxonSanjay Acharya · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Rhizobium
Rhizobium · Interactor · picture of the genus (one of its species)Ninjatacoshell · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e1

“Rhizobium 10 g + PSB 10 g + Boron - 0.75% has significantly increased”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 693–762 · show in text ↑
e2

“pods/plant (55.61)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 883–901 · show in text ↑
t0

“Chickpea”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 75–83 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

The same treatment significantly increased seeds per pod to 2.52.

Taxon
ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
Treatment
Rhizobium 10 g + PSB 10 g + Boron - 0.75%e1
Interactor
RhizobiumRhizobiume1symbiont
Second interactor
PSBe1other
Outcome
seeds/pode2
Direction
increasede1
Value
2.52e2

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Cicer arietinum
Cicer arietinum · TaxonSanjay Acharya · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Rhizobium
Rhizobium · Interactor · picture of the genus (one of its species)Ninjatacoshell · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e1

“Rhizobium 10 g + PSB 10 g + Boron - 0.75% has significantly increased”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 693–762 · show in text ↑
e2

“seeds/pod (2.52)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 903–919 · show in text ↑
t0

“Chickpea”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 75–83 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

The same treatment significantly increased test weight to 265.6 g.

Taxon
ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
Treatment
Rhizobium 10 g + PSB 10 g + Boron - 0.75%e1
Interactor
RhizobiumRhizobiume1symbiont
Second interactor
PSBe1other
Outcome
test weighte2
Direction
increasede1
Value
265.6 ge2

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Cicer arietinum
Cicer arietinum · TaxonSanjay Acharya · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Rhizobium
Rhizobium · Interactor · picture of the genus (one of its species)Ninjatacoshell · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e1

“Rhizobium 10 g + PSB 10 g + Boron - 0.75% has significantly increased”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 693–762 · show in text ↑
e2

“test weight (265.6 g)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 921–942 · show in text ↑
t0

“Chickpea”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 75–83 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

The same treatment significantly increased seed yield to 1.99 t/ha.

Taxon
ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
Treatment
Rhizobium 10 g + PSB 10 g + Boron - 0.75%e1
Interactor
RhizobiumRhizobiume1symbiont
Second interactor
PSBe1other
Outcome
Seed yielde2
Direction
increasede1
Value
1.99 t/hae2

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Cicer arietinum
Cicer arietinum · TaxonSanjay Acharya · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Rhizobium
Rhizobium · Interactor · picture of the genus (one of its species)Ninjatacoshell · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e1

“Rhizobium 10 g + PSB 10 g + Boron - 0.75% has significantly increased”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 693–762 · show in text ↑
e2

“Seed yield (1.99 t/ha)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 944–966 · show in text ↑
t0

“Chickpea”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 75–83 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

The same treatment significantly increased stover yield to 5.95 t/ha.

Taxon
ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
Treatment
Rhizobium 10 g + PSB 10 g + Boron - 0.75%e1
Interactor
RhizobiumRhizobiume1symbiont
Second interactor
PSBe1other
Outcome
Stover yielde2
Direction
increasede1
Value
5.95 t/hae2

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Cicer arietinum
Cicer arietinum · TaxonSanjay Acharya · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Rhizobium
Rhizobium · Interactor · picture of the genus (one of its species)Ninjatacoshell · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e1

“Rhizobium 10 g + PSB 10 g + Boron - 0.75% has significantly increased”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 693–762 · show in text ↑
e2

“Stover yield (5.95 t/ha)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 968–992 · show in text ↑
t0

“Chickpea”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 75–83 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

The same treatment significantly increased harvest index to 25.06%.

Taxon
ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
Treatment
Rhizobium 10 g + PSB 10 g + Boron - 0.75%e1
Interactor
RhizobiumRhizobiume1symbiont
Second interactor
PSBe1other
Outcome
Harvest indexe2
Direction
increasede1
Value
25.06%e2

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Cicer arietinum
Cicer arietinum · TaxonSanjay Acharya · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Rhizobium
Rhizobium · Interactor · picture of the genus (one of its species)Ninjatacoshell · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e1

“Rhizobium 10 g + PSB 10 g + Boron - 0.75% has significantly increased”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 693–762 · show in text ↑
e2

“Harvest index (25.06%)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 997–1019 · show in text ↑
t0

“Chickpea”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 75–83 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The maximum gross return, 106464.00 INR/ha, was recorded with Rhizobium 10 g + PSB 10 g + Boron 0.75%.

Taxon
ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
Treatment
Rhizobium 10 g + PSB 10 g + Boron - 0.75%e2
Interactor
RhizobiumRhizobiume2symbiont
Second interactor
PSBe2other
Outcome
gross returne1
Direction
maximume1
Value
106464.00 INR/hae1

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Cicer arietinum
Cicer arietinum · TaxonSanjay Acharya · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Rhizobium
Rhizobium · Interactor · picture of the genus (one of its species)Ninjatacoshell · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e1

“maximum gross return (106464.00 INR/ha), net return (76796 INR/ha) and B:C ratio (2.58)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1056–1143 · show in text ↑
e2

“was also recorded in Rhizobium 10 g + PSB 10 g + Boron - 0.75%”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1144–1206 · show in text ↑
t0

“Chickpea”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 75–83 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The maximum net return, 76796 INR/ha, was recorded with Rhizobium 10 g + PSB 10 g + Boron 0.75%.

Taxon
ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
Treatment
Rhizobium 10 g + PSB 10 g + Boron - 0.75%e2
Interactor
RhizobiumRhizobiume2symbiont
Second interactor
PSBe2other
Outcome
net returne1
Direction
maximume1
Value
76796 INR/hae1

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Cicer arietinum
Cicer arietinum · TaxonSanjay Acharya · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Rhizobium
Rhizobium · Interactor · picture of the genus (one of its species)Ninjatacoshell · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e1

“maximum gross return (106464.00 INR/ha), net return (76796 INR/ha) and B:C ratio (2.58)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1056–1143 · show in text ↑
e2

“was also recorded in Rhizobium 10 g + PSB 10 g + Boron - 0.75%”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1144–1206 · show in text ↑
t0

“Chickpea”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 75–83 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The maximum B:C ratio, 2.58, was recorded with Rhizobium 10 g + PSB 10 g + Boron 0.75%.

Taxon
ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
Treatment
Rhizobium 10 g + PSB 10 g + Boron - 0.75%e2
Interactor
RhizobiumRhizobiume2symbiont
Second interactor
PSBe2other
Outcome
B:C ratioe1
Direction
maximume1
Value
2.58e1

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Cicer arietinum
Cicer arietinum · TaxonSanjay Acharya · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Rhizobium
Rhizobium · Interactor · picture of the genus (one of its species)Ninjatacoshell · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e1

“maximum gross return (106464.00 INR/ha), net return (76796 INR/ha) and B:C ratio (2.58)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1056–1143 · show in text ↑
e2

“was also recorded in Rhizobium 10 g + PSB 10 g + Boron - 0.75%”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1144–1206 · show in text ↑
t0

“Chickpea”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 75–83 · show in text ↑

boron atom · growth · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Results differ

21 papers: 18 positive, 3 negative or no effect

17 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction

  1. negative
  2. no effect
  3. negative

17 papers more in this group

See all 21 papers →

Rhizobium · yield · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Results differ

120 papers: 116 positive, 4 negative or no effect

115 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction

  1. no effect
  2. no effect
  3. no effect

116 papers more in this group

See all 120 papers →

Rhizobium · growth · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Positive and negative results

46 papers: 45 positive, 1 negative or no effect

44 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction

  1. no effect
  2. positive
  3. positive

42 papers more in this group

See all 46 papers →

Rhizobium · symbiosis · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Positive and negative results

52 papers: 51 positive, 1 negative or no effect

50 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. no effect
  2. positive
  3. positive

48 papers more in this group

See all 52 papers →

boron atom · quality: grain · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Results agree

4 papers: 4 positive, 0 negative or no effect

3 papers in the same direction as this paper

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive
See all 4 papers →

Rhizobium · quality: grain · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Results agree

6 papers: 6 positive, 0 negative or no effect

5 papers in the same direction as this paper

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive

2 papers more in this group

See all 6 papers →

boron atom · symbiosis · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Results agree

10 papers: 10 positive, 0 negative or no effect

9 papers in the same direction as this paper

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive

6 papers more in this group

See all 10 papers →

boron atom · yield · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Results agree

30 papers: 30 positive, 0 negative or no effect

29 papers in the same direction as this paper

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive

26 papers more in this group

See all 30 papers →

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.