Effect of Phosphorus and Boron Levels on Growth and Yield of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

Abstract

A field experiment was carried out at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, SHUATS, Prayagraj (U.P) during Rabi season of 2021 to study the “Effect of phosphorus and boron levels on growth and yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”. The soil of experimental plot was sandy loam in texture, nearly neutral in soil reaction (pH 7.1). The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design, nine treatments and were replicated thrice. The treatments comprising of different levels of phosphorus and boron whose effect was observed in chickpea. The results showed that application of phosphorus @ 60 kg/ha along with boron @ 3 kg/ha recorded significantly maximum Plant height (53.11 cm), Number of nodules/plant (44.56), Plant dry weight (30.36 g/plant), Number of pods/plant (52.67), Number of seeds/pod (1.80), Test weight (225.67 g), Seed yield (2109.93 kg/ha), Straw yield (3428.07 kg/ha). Therefore, treatment with application of phosphorus @ 60 kg/ha along with boron @ 3 kg/ha was most productive and cost effective.

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Claims 9

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Phosphorus at 60 kg/ha with boron at 3 kg/ha gave significantly maximum Plant height.

Taxon: chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
Treatment: application of phosphorus @ 60 kg/ha along with boron @ 3 kg/hae0
Outcome: Plant heighte0
Direction: maximume0
Value: 53.11 cme0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

*Cicer arietinum* · TaxonSanjay Acharya · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0
“The results showed that application of phosphorus @ 60 kg/ha along with boron @ 3 kg/ha recorded significantly maximum Plant height (53.11 cm), Number of nodules/plant (44.56), Plant dry weight (30.36 g/plant), Number of pods/plant (52.67), Number of seeds/pod (1.80), Test weight (225.67 g), Seed yield (2109.93 kg/ha), Straw yield (3428.07 kg/ha).”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 548–897 · show in text ↑

t0
“chickpea”
✓ located after whitespace/quote normalisation · title, characters 61–69 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Phosphorus at 60 kg/ha with boron at 3 kg/ha gave significantly maximum Number of nodules/plant.

Taxon: chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
Treatment: application of phosphorus @ 60 kg/ha along with boron @ 3 kg/hae0
Outcome: Number of nodules/plante0
Direction: maximume0
Value: 44.56e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“The results showed that application of phosphorus @ 60 kg/ha along with boron @ 3 kg/ha recorded significantly maximum Plant height (53.11 cm), Number of nodules/plant (44.56), Plant dry weight (30.36 g/plant), Number of pods/plant (52.67), Number of seeds/pod (1.80), Test weight (225.67 g), Seed yield (2109.93 kg/ha), Straw yield (3428.07 kg/ha).”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 548–897 · show in text ↑

t0
“chickpea”
✓ located after whitespace/quote normalisation · title, characters 61–69 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Phosphorus at 60 kg/ha with boron at 3 kg/ha gave significantly maximum Plant dry weight.

Taxon: chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
Treatment: application of phosphorus @ 60 kg/ha along with boron @ 3 kg/hae0
Outcome: Plant dry weighte0
Direction: maximume0
Value: 30.36 g/plante0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“The results showed that application of phosphorus @ 60 kg/ha along with boron @ 3 kg/ha recorded significantly maximum Plant height (53.11 cm), Number of nodules/plant (44.56), Plant dry weight (30.36 g/plant), Number of pods/plant (52.67), Number of seeds/pod (1.80), Test weight (225.67 g), Seed yield (2109.93 kg/ha), Straw yield (3428.07 kg/ha).”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 548–897 · show in text ↑

t0
“chickpea”
✓ located after whitespace/quote normalisation · title, characters 61–69 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Phosphorus at 60 kg/ha with boron at 3 kg/ha gave significantly maximum Number of pods/plant.

Taxon: chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
Treatment: application of phosphorus @ 60 kg/ha along with boron @ 3 kg/hae0
Outcome: Number of pods/plante0
Direction: maximume0
Value: 52.67e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“The results showed that application of phosphorus @ 60 kg/ha along with boron @ 3 kg/ha recorded significantly maximum Plant height (53.11 cm), Number of nodules/plant (44.56), Plant dry weight (30.36 g/plant), Number of pods/plant (52.67), Number of seeds/pod (1.80), Test weight (225.67 g), Seed yield (2109.93 kg/ha), Straw yield (3428.07 kg/ha).”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 548–897 · show in text ↑

t0
“chickpea”
✓ located after whitespace/quote normalisation · title, characters 61–69 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Phosphorus at 60 kg/ha with boron at 3 kg/ha gave significantly maximum Number of seeds/pod.

Taxon: chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
Treatment: application of phosphorus @ 60 kg/ha along with boron @ 3 kg/hae0
Outcome: Number of seeds/pode0
Direction: maximume0
Value: 1.80e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“The results showed that application of phosphorus @ 60 kg/ha along with boron @ 3 kg/ha recorded significantly maximum Plant height (53.11 cm), Number of nodules/plant (44.56), Plant dry weight (30.36 g/plant), Number of pods/plant (52.67), Number of seeds/pod (1.80), Test weight (225.67 g), Seed yield (2109.93 kg/ha), Straw yield (3428.07 kg/ha).”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 548–897 · show in text ↑

t0
“chickpea”
✓ located after whitespace/quote normalisation · title, characters 61–69 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Phosphorus at 60 kg/ha with boron at 3 kg/ha gave significantly maximum Test weight.

Taxon: chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
Treatment: application of phosphorus @ 60 kg/ha along with boron @ 3 kg/hae0
Outcome: Test weighte0
Direction: maximume0
Value: 225.67 ge0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“The results showed that application of phosphorus @ 60 kg/ha along with boron @ 3 kg/ha recorded significantly maximum Plant height (53.11 cm), Number of nodules/plant (44.56), Plant dry weight (30.36 g/plant), Number of pods/plant (52.67), Number of seeds/pod (1.80), Test weight (225.67 g), Seed yield (2109.93 kg/ha), Straw yield (3428.07 kg/ha).”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 548–897 · show in text ↑

t0
“chickpea”
✓ located after whitespace/quote normalisation · title, characters 61–69 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Phosphorus at 60 kg/ha with boron at 3 kg/ha gave significantly maximum Seed yield.

Taxon: chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
Treatment: application of phosphorus @ 60 kg/ha along with boron @ 3 kg/hae0
Outcome: Seed yielde0
Direction: maximume0
Value: 2109.93 kg/hae0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“The results showed that application of phosphorus @ 60 kg/ha along with boron @ 3 kg/ha recorded significantly maximum Plant height (53.11 cm), Number of nodules/plant (44.56), Plant dry weight (30.36 g/plant), Number of pods/plant (52.67), Number of seeds/pod (1.80), Test weight (225.67 g), Seed yield (2109.93 kg/ha), Straw yield (3428.07 kg/ha).”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 548–897 · show in text ↑

t0
“chickpea”
✓ located after whitespace/quote normalisation · title, characters 61–69 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Phosphorus at 60 kg/ha with boron at 3 kg/ha gave significantly maximum Straw yield.

Taxon: chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
Treatment: application of phosphorus @ 60 kg/ha along with boron @ 3 kg/hae0
Outcome: Straw yielde0
Direction: maximume0
Value: 3428.07 kg/hae0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“The results showed that application of phosphorus @ 60 kg/ha along with boron @ 3 kg/ha recorded significantly maximum Plant height (53.11 cm), Number of nodules/plant (44.56), Plant dry weight (30.36 g/plant), Number of pods/plant (52.67), Number of seeds/pod (1.80), Test weight (225.67 g), Seed yield (2109.93 kg/ha), Straw yield (3428.07 kg/ha).”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 548–897 · show in text ↑

t0
“chickpea”
✓ located after whitespace/quote normalisation · title, characters 61–69 · show in text ↑

Recommendationauthor interpretationoriginal resultpositivebasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

The phosphorus and boron combination was most productive and cost effective.

Taxon: chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
Treatment: application of phosphorus @ 60 kg/ha along with boron @ 3 kg/hae0
Outcome: most productive and cost effectivee0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“treatment with application of phosphorus @ 60 kg/ha along with boron @ 3 kg/ha was most productive and cost effective”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 909–1026 · show in text ↑

t0
“chickpea”
✓ located after whitespace/quote normalisation · title, characters 61–69 · show in text ↑

boron atom · growth · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Results differ

21 papers: 18 positive, 3 negative or no effect

17 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction

negative
A boron waste at 600 ppm or above decreased root and shoot lengths and fresh and dry weights of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) seedlings.
The Effects on Germination and Growth of Bean and Chickpea of Boron Waste · 2013
Opposite direction
no effect
boron did not affect days to germination.
Effect of lime, sulphur and boron on the germination of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in acidic soil of Jharkhand · 2024
Opposite direction
negative
Chickpea growth parameters responded negatively to excessive boron.
Unveiling Role of Poultry Litter-Derived Biochar and Boron on Chickpea Growth, Soil Chemistry, Nutrient Availability and Heavy Metal Accumulation · 2026
Opposite direction

17 papers more in this group

See all 21 papers →

boron atom · quality: grain · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Results agree

4 papers: 4 positive, 0 negative or no effect

3 papers in the same direction as this paper

positive
Boron and/or potassium treatments gave significant increments in chickpea growth, yield quantity and seed quality.
Influence of boron and/or potassium accompanied by two irrigation systems on chickpea growth, yield and quality under sandy soil conditions · 2022
Same direction
positive
The same treatment significantly increased test weight to 265.6 g.
Response of Biofertilizer and Foliar Spray of Boron on Growth and Yield of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) · 2023
Same direction
positive
Chickpea given poultry manure 4 t/ha + boron 2 kg/ha had the significantly highest test weight (223.07 g) compared with other treatments.
Effect of Organic Manures and Boron on Growth and Yield of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) · 2022 · compared with other treatments
Same direction

See all 4 papers →

boron atom · symbiosis · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Results agree

10 papers: 10 positive, 0 negative or no effect

9 papers in the same direction as this paper

positive
Combined seed coating and foliar sprays produced significantly higher effective root nodules plant-1 than other treatments and control.
Influence of seed polymer coating with micronutrients and foliar spray on seed yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) · 2016 · compared with all other treatments and control
Same direction
positive
B application improved chickpea nodulation.
Screening of chickpea genotypes for boron biofortification potential · 2022
Same direction
positive
Nodulation, nitrogen and protein contents were highest for BARI Chola-9 with the 1.5 kg B ha-1 treatment.
Response of chickpea varieties to boron application in calcareous and terrace soils of Bangladesh · 2018
Same direction

6 papers more in this group

See all 10 papers →

boron atom · yield · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Results agree

30 papers: 30 positive, 0 negative or no effect

29 papers in the same direction as this paper

positive
Combined boron and molybdenum application outperformed either alone.
Effects of Boron and Molybdenum on the Yield of Chickpea · 1970 · compared with their single application
Same directionCited by this paper
positive
Soil boron fertilization increased chickpea yield.
A COMPARISON OF THE EFFECTS OF MICRONUTRIENT SEED PRIMING AND SOIL FERTILIZATION ON THE MINERAL NUTRITION OF CHICKPEA (Cicer arietinum), LENTIL (Lens culinaris), RICE (Oryza sativa) AND WHEAT (Triticum aestivum) IN NEPAL · 2005
Same direction
positive
Application of 1 kg ha−1 B significantly increased grain yield in all genotypes except Gökçe.
Response of Chickpea Cultivars to Application of Boron in Boron‐Deficient Calcareous Soils · 2007
Same direction

26 papers more in this group

See all 30 papers →

phosphorus · symbiosis · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Results differ

51 papers: 50 positive, 1 negative or no effect

49 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction

positive
The 35 cm × 20 cm spacing with 100% RDP gave significantly higher nodule number in chickpea.
Influence of Spacing and Phosphorus Management on Growth and Yield of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) · 2023
Same directionCites this paper
no effect
P application did not change N2 fixation of chickpea.
Nitrogen and phosphorus fertility management for desi and kabuli chickpea · 2005
Opposite direction
positive
CPS-2, CPS-3 and Ca-18 gave the maximum positive effects on chickpea shoot and nodulation traits.
Phosphorus uptake and growth promotion of chickpea by co-inoculation of mineral phosphate solubilising bacteria and a mixed rhizobial culture · 2004
Same direction

47 papers more in this group

See all 51 papers →

phosphorus · growth · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Results differ

58 papers: 55 positive, 3 negative or no effect

54 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction

positive
The 35 cm × 20 cm spacing with 100% RDP gave significantly higher plant height in chickpea.
Influence of Spacing and Phosphorus Management on Growth and Yield of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) · 2023
Same directionCites this paper
no effect
At site 2, chickpea showed no growth response to applied phosphorus.
Phosphorus nutrition of large-seeded chickpea cv. Macarena ( Cicer arietinum ) in the Ord River Irrigation Area, Western Australia · 1994
Opposite direction
no effect
Application of P did not significantly affect chickpea plant height or dry weights in either soil.
Effect of Phosphorus and Ryzelan on the Growth and Mineral Composition of Chickpeas¹ · 1975
Opposite direction

54 papers more in this group

See all 58 papers →

phosphorus · yield · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Positive and negative results

168 papers: 161 positive, 7 negative or no effect

160 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative

no effect
DAP with PSB did not significantly affect seeds per pod or harvest index of chickpea.
Effect of basal and foliar application of diammonium phosphate in cognizance with phosphate-solubilizing bacteria on growth, yield and quality of rainfed chickpea (Cicer arietinum) · 2024
Opposite directionCited by this paper
positive
Increasing phosphorus from 0 to 60 kg/ha linearly increased growth and yield attributes.
Effect of phosphorus and sulphur application on growth, yield attributes and yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L) · 2011 · compared with 0
Same directionCited by this paper
positive
Phosphorus at 60 kg ha-1 significantly increased grain and straw yield of chickpea over the control.
Effect of different levels of phosphorus, sulphur and biofertilizers inoculation on nutrient content and uptake of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) · 2018 · compared with the control /un-inoculated
Same directionCited by this paper

164 papers more in this group

See all 168 papers →

phosphorus · quality: grain · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Results agree

12 papers: 12 positive, 0 negative or no effect

11 papers in the same direction as this paper

positive
30 kg P2O5 ha-1 significantly increased chickpea pods per plant, seeds per pod, test weight over control and 15 kg P2O5 ha-1.
Effect of phosphorus and biofertilizers on productivity of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in North Western Rajasthan, India. · 2013 · compared with control and 15 kg P2O5 ha-1
Same direction
positive
Half-dose RDF applied to chickpea increased chickpea test weight to 24.80 g.
Effect of micronutrients with or without organic manures on yield of baby corn (Zea mays L. – chickpea (Cicer artietinum L.) sequence · 2008 · compared with RDF alone
Same direction
positive
N5 lowered crude fiber.
Effect Of Organic Matter And Biofertilizers On Chickpea Quality And Biological Nitrogen Fixation · 2010
Same direction

8 papers more in this group

See all 12 papers →

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.

Abstract

Claims 9

The same questions in other papers

boron atom · growth · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Results differ

boron atom · quality: grain · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Results agree

boron atom · symbiosis · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Results agree

boron atom · yield · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Results agree

phosphorus · symbiosis · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Results differ

phosphorus · growth · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Results differ

phosphorus · yield · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Positive and negative results

phosphorus · quality: grain · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Results agree