Abstract
Malnutrition is a significant threat to mankind and deficiency of important minerals like boron (B) exert negative impacts on human health mostly in developing and least developed countries. Chickpea is an important legume with wide consumption in human diet due to easily digestible dietary protein and grown. Chickpea is mostly grown in arid and semi-arid regions of Pakistan. The B-deficiency in these areas not only decreases chickpea productivity, but also results lowers B concentration in grains. Different chickpea genotypes are capable of perform differently due to their divergent genetic makeup under stressful environmental conditions. Therefore, this field study screened different chickpea genotypes to improve yield and B biofortification. For this purpose 20 ‘desi’ (i.e., ‘TG-1430’, ‘Parbat’, ‘TG-1616’, ‘TG-1620’, ‘05A028’, ‘TG-1601’, ‘TG-1623’, ‘Thal-2006’, ‘TG-1218’, ‘TG-1513’, ‘Chattan’, ‘BK-2011’, ‘TG-1500’, ‘NIAB-2016’, ‘GGP-1456’, ‘TG-1618’, ‘TG-1619’, ‘Bittle-2016’, ‘TG-1415’ and ‘Punjab-2008’) and 06 ‘kabuli’ (i.e., ‘TGK-228’, ‘TGK-1767’, ‘TGK-1802’, ‘NOOR-2009’, ‘TGK-1761’ and ‘TGK-1805’) chickpea genotypes were sown under 0 or 1 kg B ha−1 as soil application. Results indicated that B application improved the growth, nodulation, yield and grains B concentrations of all genotypes; however, genotype significantly differed in their response. Of the 20 ‘desi’ genotypes ‘Punjab-2008’ recorded the highest leaf area index, leaf area duration, crop growth rate, nodulation, yield and related traits under B application. However, genotypes ‘BK-2011’, ‘TG-1500’ and ‘NIAB-2016’ had higher grains B content under 1 kg ha−1 B application. Similarly, ‘kabuli genotypes’, i.e., ‘TGK-1761’ and ‘TGK-1802’ recorded higher nodulation, while ‘NOOR-2009’ had higher leaf area index, leaf area duration, crop growth rate, 1000-grain weight, grain yield and biological yield with 1 kg ha−1 B application compared to the rest of the ‘kabuli’ genotypes included in the study. The highest grain B concentration was recorded for ‘TGK-1767’ among ‘kabuli’ genotypes. In conclusion, ‘desi’ genotype ‘Punjab-2008’ and ‘kabuli’ genotype ‘NOOR-2009’ should be grown under 1 kg ha−1 B application to get higher productivity and B biofortification. The genotypes which accumulated more B in their seeds should be included in future breeding programs to produce B-rich grains for reducing malnutrition.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
B application improved chickpea growth.
- Taxon
- chickpea
Cicer arietinumt0 - Treatment
- B applicatione0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“B application improved the growth, nodulation, yield and grains B concentrations of all genotypes; however, genotype significantly differed in their response”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
B application improved chickpea nodulation.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- B applicatione0
- Outcome
- nodulatione0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“B application improved the growth, nodulation, yield and grains B concentrations of all genotypes; however, genotype significantly differed in their response”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
B application improved chickpea yield.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- B applicatione0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“B application improved the growth, nodulation, yield and grains B concentrations of all genotypes; however, genotype significantly differed in their response”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
B application improved chickpea grains B concentrations.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- B applicatione0
- Outcome
- grains B concentrationse0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“B application improved the growth, nodulation, yield and grains B concentrations of all genotypes; however, genotype significantly differed in their response”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Chickpea genotypes differed significantly in response to B.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Material
- genotypee0
- Outcome
- responsee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“B application improved the growth, nodulation, yield and grains B concentrations of all genotypes; however, genotype significantly differed in their response”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Punjab-2008 had the highest leaf area, growth, nodulation and yield traits under B.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Material
- ‘Punjab-2008’e0
- Treatment
- B applicatione0
- Outcome
- highest leaf area index, leaf area duration, crop growth rate, nodulation, yield and related traitse0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“‘Punjab-2008’ recorded the highest leaf area index, leaf area duration, crop growth rate, nodulation, yield and related traits under B application”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
‘BK-2011’ had higher grain B content under B application.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Material
- ‘BK-2011’e0
- Treatment
- 1 kg ha−1 B applicatione0
- Outcome
- grains B contente0
- Direction
- highere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“genotypes ‘BK-2011’, ‘TG-1500’ and ‘NIAB-2016’ had higher grains B content under 1 kg ha−1 B application”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
‘TG-1500’ had higher grain B content under B application.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Material
- ‘TG-1500’e0
- Treatment
- 1 kg ha−1 B applicatione0
- Outcome
- grains B contente0
- Direction
- highere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“genotypes ‘BK-2011’, ‘TG-1500’ and ‘NIAB-2016’ had higher grains B content under 1 kg ha−1 B application”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
‘NIAB-2016’ had higher grain B content under B application.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Material
- ‘NIAB-2016’e0
- Treatment
- 1 kg ha−1 B applicatione0
- Outcome
- grains B contente0
- Direction
- highere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“genotypes ‘BK-2011’, ‘TG-1500’ and ‘NIAB-2016’ had higher grains B content under 1 kg ha−1 B application”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
‘TGK-1761’ had higher nodulation.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Material
- ‘TGK-1761’e0
- Outcome
- nodulatione0
- Direction
- highere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“‘TGK-1761’ and ‘TGK-1802’ recorded higher nodulation”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
‘TGK-1802’ had higher nodulation.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Material
- ‘TGK-1802’e0
- Outcome
- nodulatione0
- Direction
- highere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“‘TGK-1761’ and ‘TGK-1802’ recorded higher nodulation”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
NOOR-2009 had higher leaf area index, leaf area duration, crop growth rate with B than other kabuli genotypes.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Material
- ‘NOOR-2009’e0
- Treatment
- 1 kg ha−1 B applicatione0
- Outcome
- leaf area index, leaf area duration, crop growth ratee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- rest of the ‘kabuli’ genotypese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“‘NOOR-2009’ had higher leaf area index, leaf area duration, crop growth rate, 1000-grain weight, grain yield and biological yield with 1 kg ha−1 B application compared to the rest of the ‘kabuli’ genotypes included in the study”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
NOOR-2009 had higher 1000-grain weight, grain yield and biological yield with B than other kabuli genotypes.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Material
- ‘NOOR-2009’e0
- Treatment
- 1 kg ha−1 B applicatione0
- Outcome
- 1000-grain weight, grain yield and biological yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- rest of the ‘kabuli’ genotypese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“‘NOOR-2009’ had higher leaf area index, leaf area duration, crop growth rate, 1000-grain weight, grain yield and biological yield with 1 kg ha−1 B application compared to the rest of the ‘kabuli’ genotypes included in the study”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
TGK-1767 had the highest grain B concentration among kabuli genotypes.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Material
- ‘TGK-1767’e0
- Outcome
- grain B concentratione0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest grain B concentration was recorded for ‘TGK-1767’ among ‘kabuli’ genotypes”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
‘Punjab-2008’ is recommended under B application for productivity and biofortification.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Material
- ‘Punjab-2008’e0
- Outcome
- should be grown under 1 kg ha−1 B applicatione0
- Qualifier
- higher productivity and B biofortificatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“‘desi’ genotype ‘Punjab-2008’ and ‘kabuli’ genotype ‘NOOR-2009’ should be grown under 1 kg ha−1 B application to get higher productivity and B biofortification”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
‘NOOR-2009’ is recommended under B application for productivity and biofortification.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Material
- ‘NOOR-2009’e0
- Outcome
- should be grown under 1 kg ha−1 B applicatione0
- Qualifier
- higher productivity and B biofortificatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“‘desi’ genotype ‘Punjab-2008’ and ‘kabuli’ genotype ‘NOOR-2009’ should be grown under 1 kg ha−1 B application to get higher productivity and B biofortification”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
High B accumulating genotypes are recommended for future breeding.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Outcome
- should be included in future breeding programse0
- Qualifier
- accumulated more B in their seedse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The genotypes which accumulated more B in their seeds should be included in future breeding programs to produce B-rich grains”
t0“chickpea”
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See all 30 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.