Abstract
In order to evaluation the effects of soil organic matter and biofertilizer on chickpea quality and biological nitrogen fixation, field experiments were carried out in 2007 and 2008 growing seasons. In this research the effects of different strategies for soil fertilization were investigated on grain yield and yield component, minerals, organic compounds and cooking time of chickpea. Experimental units were arranged in split-split plots based on randomized complete blocks with three replications. Main plots consisted of (G1): establishing a mixed vegetation of Vicia panunica and Hordeum vulgare and (G2): control, as green manure levels. Also, five strategies for obtaining the base fertilizer requirement including (N1): 20 t.ha-1 farmyard manure; (N2): 10 t.ha-1 compost; (N3): 75 kg.ha-1 triple super phosphate; (N4): 10 t.ha-1 farmyard manure + 5 t.ha-1 compost and (N5): 10 t.ha-1 farmyard manure + 5 t.ha-1 compost + 50 kg.ha-1 triple super phosphate were considered in sub plots. Furthermoree four levels of biofertilizers consisted of (B1): Bacillus lentus + Pseudomonas putida; (B2): Trichoderma harzianum; (B3): Bacillus lentus + Pseudomonas putida + Trichoderma harzianum; and (B4): control (without biofertilizers) were arranged in sub-sub plots. Results showed that integrating biofertilizers (B3) and green manure (G1) produced the highest grain yield. The highest amounts of yield were obtained in G1×N5 interaction. Comparison of all 2-way and 3-way interactions showed that G1N5B3 was determined as the superior treatment. Significant increasing of N, P2O5, K2O, Fe and Mg content in leaves and grains emphasized on superiority of mentioned treatment because each one of these nutrients has an approved role in chlorophyll synthesis and photosynthesis abilities of the crops. The combined application of compost, farmyard manure and chemical phosphorus (N5) in addition to having the highest yield, had the best grain quality due to high protein, starch and total sugar contents, low crude fiber and reduced cooking time.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Combined biofertilizers B3 and green manure G1 gave the highest grain yield.
- Taxon
- chickpea
Cicer arietinumt0 - Treatment
- integrating biofertilizers (B3) and green manure (G1)e0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results showed that integrating biofertilizers (B3) and green manure (G1) produced the highest grain yield.”
t0“Chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
G1×N5 gave the highest yield.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- G1×N5e0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest amounts of yield were obtained in G1×N5 interaction.”
t0“Chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
G1N5B3 ranked as the superior treatment in interaction comparisons.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- G1N5B3e0
- Outcome
- superior treatmente0
- Direction
- superiore0
- Comparator
- all 2-way and 3-way interactionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Comparison of all 2-way and 3-way interactions showed that G1N5B3 was determined as the superior treatment.”
t0“Chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
The specified treatment significantly increased N content in chickpea leaves and grains.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- mentioned treatmente0
- Outcome
- Ne0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significant increasing of N, P2O5, K2O, Fe and Mg content in leaves and grains emphasized on superiority of mentioned treatment because each one of these nutrients has an approved role in chlorophyll synthesis and photosynthesis abilities of the crops.”
t0“Chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
The specified treatment significantly increased P2O5 content in chickpea leaves and grains.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- mentioned treatmente0
- Outcome
- P2O5e0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significant increasing of N, P2O5, K2O, Fe and Mg content in leaves and grains emphasized on superiority of mentioned treatment because each one of these nutrients has an approved role in chlorophyll synthesis and photosynthesis abilities of the crops.”
t0“Chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
The specified treatment significantly increased K2O content in chickpea leaves and grains.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- mentioned treatmente0
- Outcome
- K2Oe0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significant increasing of N, P2O5, K2O, Fe and Mg content in leaves and grains emphasized on superiority of mentioned treatment because each one of these nutrients has an approved role in chlorophyll synthesis and photosynthesis abilities of the crops.”
t0“Chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
The specified treatment significantly increased Fe content in chickpea leaves and grains.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- mentioned treatmente0
- Outcome
- Fee0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significant increasing of N, P2O5, K2O, Fe and Mg content in leaves and grains emphasized on superiority of mentioned treatment because each one of these nutrients has an approved role in chlorophyll synthesis and photosynthesis abilities of the crops.”
t0“Chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
The specified treatment significantly increased Mg content in chickpea leaves and grains.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- mentioned treatmente0
- Outcome
- Mge0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significant increasing of N, P2O5, K2O, Fe and Mg content in leaves and grains emphasized on superiority of mentioned treatment because each one of these nutrients has an approved role in chlorophyll synthesis and photosynthesis abilities of the crops.”
t0“Chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
N5 had the highest yield.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- combined application of compost, farmyard manure and chemical phosphorus (N5)e0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The combined application of compost, farmyard manure and chemical phosphorus (N5) in addition to having the highest yield, had the best grain quality due to high protein, starch and total sugar contents, low crude fiber and reduced cooking time.”
t0“Chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
N5 had high protein, starch and total sugar contents.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- combined application of compost, farmyard manure and chemical phosphorus (N5)e0
- Outcome
- protein, starch and total sugar contentse0
- Direction
- highe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The combined application of compost, farmyard manure and chemical phosphorus (N5) in addition to having the highest yield, had the best grain quality due to high protein, starch and total sugar contents, low crude fiber and reduced cooking time.”
t0“Chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
N5 lowered crude fiber.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- combined application of compost, farmyard manure and chemical phosphorus (N5)e0
- Outcome
- crude fibere0
- Direction
- lowe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The combined application of compost, farmyard manure and chemical phosphorus (N5) in addition to having the highest yield, had the best grain quality due to high protein, starch and total sugar contents, low crude fiber and reduced cooking time.”
t0“Chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
N5 reduced cooking time.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- combined application of compost, farmyard manure and chemical phosphorus (N5)e0
- Outcome
- cooking timee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The combined application of compost, farmyard manure and chemical phosphorus (N5) in addition to having the highest yield, had the best grain quality due to high protein, starch and total sugar contents, low crude fiber and reduced cooking time.”
t0“Chickpea”
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