Abstract
Introduction Plants detect the invasion of microbial pathogens through pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Cold shock proteins (CSPs) are a class of PAMPs specifically recognized by Solanales plants. While peptide inoculation studies have revealed the effects of CSPs, their in vivo roles remain poorly understood. Methods A model system involving the interactions between Pseudomonas fluorescens and P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000 with Nicotiana benthamiana has been widely used to investigate the molecular mechanism of plant-microbe interactions. Here, we employed this model system to explore the in vivo roles of CSPs in modulating plant immunity by multiple genetic approaches. Results Our findings revealed that three highly-conserved CSPs were identified in Pseudomonas strains. Transient expression of these CSPs neither induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production nor suppressed the hypersensitive response (HR) in N. benthamiana , however, it restricted bacterial effector translocation. Genetic analysis revealed that these CSPs did not contribute to the ROS burst or HR inhibition in vivo but were functionally redundant in suppressing effector translocation in a flagellin (FliC)-independent manner. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the suppression of effector translocation mediated by CSPs was less pronounced compared to that triggered by FliC. Additionally, inoculation with csp15 and csp22 epitopes triggered the pattern-triggered immunity-associated suppression of effector translocations. Discussion This study revealed the redundant roles of CSPs in suppressing bacterial effector translocation in vivo , providing deep insights into the PTI elicited by cytoplasmic bacterial proteins.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Three conserved cold shock proteins were identified in Pseudomonas strains.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“three highly-conserved CSPs were identified in Pseudomonas strains.”
Claim · model-written summary
Transient CSP expression did not induce ROS production in N. benthamiana.
- Taxon
- N. benthamiana
Nicotiana benthamianae0 - Treatment
- Transient expression of these CSPse0
- Outcome
- reactive oxygen species (ROS) productione0
- Direction
- neither inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Transient expression of these CSPs neither induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production nor suppressed the hypersensitive response (HR) in N. benthamiana , however, it restricted bacterial effector translocation.”
Claim · model-written summary
Transient CSP expression did not suppress hypersensitive response in N. benthamiana.
- Taxon
- N. benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae0
- Treatment
- Transient expression of these CSPse0
- Outcome
- hypersensitive response (HR)e0
- Direction
- nor suppressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Transient expression of these CSPs neither induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production nor suppressed the hypersensitive response (HR) in N. benthamiana , however, it restricted bacterial effector translocation.”
Claim · model-written summary
Transient CSP expression restricted bacterial effector translocation in N. benthamiana.
- Taxon
- N. benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae0
- Treatment
- Transient expression of these CSPse0
- Outcome
- bacterial effector translocatione0
- Direction
- restrictede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Transient expression of these CSPs neither induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production nor suppressed the hypersensitive response (HR) in N. benthamiana , however, it restricted bacterial effector translocation.”
Claim · model-written summary
CSPs redundantly suppress effector translocation independently of FliC.
- Gene
- CSPse0
- Outcome
- effector translocatione0
- Direction
- suppressinge0
- Qualifier
- flagellin (FliC)-independente0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“these CSPs did not contribute to the ROS burst or HR inhibition in vivo but were functionally redundant in suppressing effector translocation in a flagellin (FliC)-independent manner.”
Claim · model-written summary
CSP-mediated suppression was weaker than FliC-mediated suppression.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“suppression of effector translocation mediated by CSPs was less pronounced compared to that triggered by FliC.”
Claim · model-written summary
csp15 and csp22 inoculation triggered immune suppression of effector translocation.
- Treatment
- inoculation with csp15 and csp22 epitopese0
- Outcome
- effector translocationse0
- Direction
- suppressione0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“inoculation with csp15 and csp22 epitopes triggered the pattern-triggered immunity-associated suppression of effector translocations.”
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