Abstract
The aggravation of ozone (O 3 ) pollution poses a significant threat to agricultural production. With China being the leading wheat producer of the world, contributing 17.8% to global output, the vulnerability of wheat to O 3 is of particular concern. Despite extensive research on the impacts of O 3 on wheat production and the ongoing development of new wheat cultivars over the years, a connection between yield loss and the released ages of wheat cultivars under O 3 stress remains unestablished. Addressing this, the experiment was carried out at the Yangzhou Rice and Wheat Free-air Gas Concentration Enrichment (FACE) Testing Base in China, using 17 wheat cultivars developed since the 1970s as experimental materials. The elevated O 3 concentration in the test was 1.5 times higher than that in a normal atmosphere. The results indicated that O 3 led to a significant reduction in wheat yield of 18.19%. The yield of cultivars released in the 1970s, 1980s, 1990s, and after 2000, decreased by 24.9%, 23.3%, 19.8%, and 14.7%, respectively. Overall, the direct effect of 1,000-grain weight on yield was the most significant, followed by the number of grains per spike, whereas the number of spikes contributed least to the yield components. To enhance resistance to O 3 stress in future breeding efforts, increasing the 1,000-grain weight should be a primary objective. Our findings also revealed that elevated O 3 concentration led to higher sedimentation values and protein content while lowering bulk density, hardness, and starch content. As the release age approaches, the rate of decrease in bulk density diminishes gradually. In terms of hardness, sedimentation value, and starch content, varieties released in the 1990s exhibited less sensitivity, whereas those released after the 2000s experienced the most significant changes in protein content. It is worth noting that the impact on the nutritional quality of modern cultivars is particularly significant, particularly regarding starch and protein content. Stress indices indicate that the cultivars released after 2000 exhibit stronger resistance to yield loss. The Yangmai series cultivars appear to be promising parental lines for future breeding programs aimed at developing O 3 -resistant wheat.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated ozone significantly reduced wheat yield by 18.19%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“O 3 led to a significant reduction in wheat yield of 18.19%”
Claim · model-written summary
Ozone reduced yield of cultivars released in the 1970s by 24.9%.
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The yield of cultivars released in the 1970s, 1980s, 1990s, and after 2000, decreased by 24.9%, 23.3%, 19.8%, and 14.7%, respectively”
t0“survey of Chinese wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Ozone reduced yield of cultivars released in the 1980s by 23.3%.
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The yield of cultivars released in the 1970s, 1980s, 1990s, and after 2000, decreased by 24.9%, 23.3%, 19.8%, and 14.7%, respectively”
t0“survey of Chinese wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Ozone reduced yield of cultivars released in the 1990s by 19.8%.
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The yield of cultivars released in the 1970s, 1980s, 1990s, and after 2000, decreased by 24.9%, 23.3%, 19.8%, and 14.7%, respectively”
t0“survey of Chinese wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Ozone reduced yield of cultivars released in the after 2000 by 14.7%.
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The yield of cultivars released in the 1970s, 1980s, 1990s, and after 2000, decreased by 24.9%, 23.3%, 19.8%, and 14.7%, respectively”
t0“survey of Chinese wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Thousand grain weight had the strongest direct effect on yield, followed by grains per spike; spike number contributed least.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Organ / stage
- graine0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- most significante0
- Qualifier
- number of spikes contributed leaste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the direct effect of 1,000-grain weight on yield was the most significant, followed by the number of grains per spike, whereas the number of spikes contributed least to the yield components”
t0“survey of Chinese wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend increasing thousand grain weight for ozone resistance breeding.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- increasing the 1,000-grain weighte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increasing the 1,000-grain weight should be a primary objective”
t0“survey of Chinese wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated ozone raised sedimentation values and protein content.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- elevated O 3 concentratione0
- Outcome
- sedimentation values and protein contente0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“elevated O 3 concentration led to higher sedimentation values and protein content”
t0“survey of Chinese wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated ozone lowered bulk density, hardness and starch content.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- O 3e0
- Outcome
- bulk density, hardness, and starch contente0
- Direction
- loweringe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“elevated O 3 concentration led to higher sedimentation values and protein content while lowering bulk density, hardness, and starch content”
t0“survey of Chinese wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
More recently released cultivars had a progressively smaller ozone related decrease in bulk density.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- rate of decrease in bulk densitye0
- Direction
- diminishese0
- Qualifier
- As the release age approachese0
Not reportedMaterial
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As the release age approaches, the rate of decrease in bulk density diminishes gradually”
t0“survey of Chinese wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Cultivars released in the 1990s were less sensitive for hardness, sedimentation value and starch content.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- varieties released in the 1990se0
- Outcome
- less sensitivitye0
- Direction
- lesse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“varieties released in the 1990s exhibited less sensitivity”
t0“survey of Chinese wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Cultivars released after the 2000s had the largest protein content changes.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- those released after the 2000se0
- Outcome
- changes in protein contente0
- Direction
- most significante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“those released after the 2000s experienced the most significant changes in protein content”
t0“survey of Chinese wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Stress indices indicate greater resistance to yield loss in cultivars released after 2000.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- cultivars released after 2000e0
- Outcome
- resistance to yield losse0
- Direction
- strongere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Stress indices indicate that the cultivars released after 2000 exhibit stronger resistance to yield loss”
t0“survey of Chinese wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The Yangmai series was identified as promising parental material for ozone resistant breeding.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- Yangmai series cultivarse0
- Outcome
- promising parental linese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Yangmai series cultivars appear to be promising parental lines for future breeding programs aimed at developing O 3 -resistant wheat”
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See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.