Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a secondary metabolite produced by Fusarium fungi, which is found in a wide range of agricultural products, especially in wheat, barley, oat and corn. In this study, the distribution of DON in the wheat kernel and the effect of exposure time to ozone on DON detoxification were investigated. A high concentration of toxin was found in the outer part of the kernel, and DON was injected from the outside to the inside. The degradation rates of DON were 26.40%, 39.16%, and 53.48% after the samples were exposed to 75 mg/L ozone for 30, 60, and 90 min, respectively. The effect of ozonation on wheat flour quality and nutrition was also evaluated. No significant differences (P > 0.05) were found in protein content, fatty acid value, amino acid content, starch content, carbonyl and carboxyl content, and swelling power of ozone-treated samples. Moreover, the ozone-treated samples exhibited higher tenacity and whiteness, as well as lower extensibility and yellowness. This finding indicated that ozone treatment can simultaneously reduce DON levels and improve flour quality.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Deoxynivalenol was concentrated in the outer wheat kernel.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Organ / stage
- outer part of the kernele0
- Outcome
- high concentration of toxine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A high concentration of toxin was found in the outer part of the kernel, and DON was injected from the outside to the inside.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
DON moved from the outside toward the inside of the kernel.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- kernele1
- Outcome
- DON was injected from the outside to the insidee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“DON was injected from the outside to the inside.”
t0“Wheat”
e1“A high concentration of toxin was found in the outer part of the kernel, and DON was injected from the outside to the inside.”
Claim · model-written summary
At 75 mg/L ozone for 30 min, DON degradation was 26.40%.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 75 mg/L ozone for 30e0
- Outcome
- degradation rates of DONe0
- Direction
- degradatione0
- Value
- 26.40%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The degradation rates of DON were 26.40%, 39.16%, and 53.48% after the samples were exposed to 75 mg/L ozone for 30, 60, and 90 min, respectively.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
At 75 mg/L ozone for 60 min, DON degradation was 39.16%.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 75 mg/L ozonee0
- Outcome
- degradation rates of DONe0
- Direction
- degradatione0
- Value
- 39.16%e0
- Qualifier
- 60e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The degradation rates of DON were 26.40%, 39.16%, and 53.48% after the samples were exposed to 75 mg/L ozone for 30, 60, and 90 min, respectively.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
At 75 mg/L ozone for 90 min, DON degradation was 53.48%.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 75 mg/L ozonee0
- Outcome
- degradation rates of DONe0
- Direction
- degradatione0
- Value
- 53.48%e0
- Qualifier
- 90 mine0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The degradation rates of DON were 26.40%, 39.16%, and 53.48% after the samples were exposed to 75 mg/L ozone for 30, 60, and 90 min, respectively.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Ozone treated flour showed no significant differences in protein, fatty acid, and amino acid content.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- ozone-treatede0
- Outcome
- protein content, fatty acid value, amino acid contente0
- Direction
- No significant differencese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No significant differences (P > 0.05) were found in protein content, fatty acid value, amino acid content, starch content, carbonyl and carboxyl content, and swelling power of ozone-treated samples.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Ozone treated flour showed no significant differences in starch, carbonyl and carboxyl content, or swelling power.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- ozone-treatede0
- Outcome
- starch content, carbonyl and carboxyl content, and swelling powere0
- Direction
- No significant differencese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No significant differences (P > 0.05) were found in protein content, fatty acid value, amino acid content, starch content, carbonyl and carboxyl content, and swelling power of ozone-treated samples.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Ozone treated flour had higher tenacity and whiteness.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- ozone-treatede0
- Outcome
- tenacity and whitenesse0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the ozone-treated samples exhibited higher tenacity and whiteness, as well as lower extensibility and yellowness.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Ozone treated flour had lower extensibility and yellowness.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- ozone-treatede0
- Outcome
- extensibility and yellownesse0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the ozone-treated samples exhibited higher tenacity and whiteness, as well as lower extensibility and yellowness.”
t0“Wheat”
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