Abstract
Transplanting shock induced by mechanical transplanting technique in dry land has a negative effect on the growth and grain yield of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). We hypothesized that foliar nitrogen (N) supplementation plays a positive role in improving rapeseed transplanting survival rate and yield. The aim of the study was to elucidatethe morphological and physiological mechanisms of foliar N supplementation in rapeseed responding to transplanting shock. Through a 1-year pot experiment and a 2-year field experiment, foliar N supplementation at concentrations of 0, 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 g N m−2 was set up to investigate the regulation of foliar N supplementation on the carbon (C) and N structure of seedlings before transplanting. Then we investigated the responses of morphological and physiological changes of shoot, root regeneration ability, transplanting survival rate, and grain yield to transplanting shock. The results showed that foliar N supplementation prior to transplanting increased the short-term activities of GS, GOGAT, and GDH, may improve the conversion of soluble sugar to soluble protein, increased N accumulation, and lowered the C:N ratio of rapeseed seedlings. Rapeseed seedlings with a low C:N ratio showed greater potential for root development after transplanting. Moreover, appropriate foliar N supplementation (2.5–5.0 g N m−2) not only up-regulated the positive feedback of osmoregulatory substances and antioxidant system for improving stress resistance, but also enhanced the synergistic growth of shoot and root by increasing root growth potential during transplanting shock. Therefore, the transplanting survival rate increased by 13.81–19.20%, and the grain yield increased by 25.15–30.56%. The optimal foliar N supplementation before transplanting may be used as a simple and effective agricultural measure to alleviate the negative effects of transplanting shock on rapeseed.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar nitrogen increased short-term GS, GOGAT and GDH activities before transplanting.
- Taxon
- rapeseede1
- Treatment
- foliar N supplementatione0
- Outcome
- short-term activities of GS, GOGAT, and GDHe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“foliar N supplementation prior to transplanting increased the short-term activities of GS, GOGAT, and GDH”
e1“rapeseed seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar nitrogen may improve soluble sugar conversion to soluble protein.
Verbatim
e0“may improve the conversion of soluble sugar to soluble protein”
e1“foliar N supplementation prior to transplanting increased the short-term activities of GS, GOGAT, and GDH, may improve the conversion of soluble sugar to soluble protein”
e2“rapeseed seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar nitrogen increased seedling nitrogen accumulation.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“increased N accumulation”
e1“foliar N supplementation prior to transplanting increased the short-term activities of GS, GOGAT, and GDH, may improve the conversion of soluble sugar to soluble protein, increased N accumulation”
e2“rapeseed seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar nitrogen lowered seedling C:N ratio.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“lowered the C:N ratio of rapeseed seedlings”
e1“foliar N supplementation prior to transplanting increased the short-term activities of GS, GOGAT, and GDH, may improve the conversion of soluble sugar to soluble protein, increased N accumulation, and lowered the C:N ratio of rapeseed seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Seedlings with low C:N ratio had greater root development potential after transplanting.
Verbatim
e0“Rapeseed seedlings with a low C:N ratio showed greater potential for root development after transplanting”
Claim · model-written summary
Appropriate foliar nitrogen up-regulated osmoregulatory and antioxidant responses.
- Taxon
- rapeseede1
- Treatment
- foliar N supplementation (2.5–5.0 g N m−2)e0
- Outcome
- positive feedback of osmoregulatory substances and antioxidant systeme0
- Direction
- up-regulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“appropriate foliar N supplementation (2.5–5.0 g N m−2) not only up-regulated the positive feedback of osmoregulatory substances and antioxidant system for improving stress resistance”
e1“C:N ratio of rapeseed seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Appropriate foliar nitrogen enhanced shoot and root growth under transplant shock.
- Taxon
- rapeseede2
- Treatment
- foliar N supplementation (2.5–5.0 g N m−2)e1
- Outcome
- synergistic growth of shoot and roote0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“enhanced the synergistic growth of shoot and root by increasing root growth potential during transplanting shock”
e1“appropriate foliar N supplementation (2.5–5.0 g N m−2)”
e2“C:N ratio of rapeseed seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar nitrogen increased transplant survival by 13.81–19.20%.
- Taxon
- rapeseede2
- Treatment
- foliar N supplementation (2.5–5.0 g N m−2)e1
- Outcome
- transplanting survival ratee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 13.81–19.20%e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“the transplanting survival rate increased by 13.81–19.20%”
e1“appropriate foliar N supplementation (2.5–5.0 g N m−2)”
e2“C:N ratio of rapeseed seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar nitrogen increased grain yield by 25.15–30.56%.
- Taxon
- rapeseede2
- Treatment
- foliar N supplementation (2.5–5.0 g N m−2)e1
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 25.15–30.56%e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“the grain yield increased by 25.15–30.56%”
e1“appropriate foliar N supplementation (2.5–5.0 g N m−2)”
e2“C:N ratio of rapeseed seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors recommend optimal foliar nitrogen before transplanting to alleviate transplant shock.
Verbatim
e0“The optimal foliar N supplementation before transplanting may be used as a simple and effective agricultural measure to alleviate the negative effects of transplanting shock on rapeseed”
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