Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effects of different soil amendments coupled with nitrogen fertilizer on the morpho-physiological characteristics and yield of salt-tolerant rice under saline conditions. The soil amendments, i.e., S1: zeolite amendment, S2: coconut coir amendment, S3: humic acid amendment, and S0: no amendment, and fertilizer treatments, i.e., N1: urea, N2: slow-release urea, and N0: no N fertilizer, were kept in main plots and sub-plots, respectively, in a split-plot design. The salt-tolerant variety 'Shuangliangyou 138' was exposed to 0.3% salt irrigation water. The results showed that during the entire growth period, compared to S0, the S1 and S3 treatments increased the SPAD values by an average of 6.3%and 5.5%, respectively, the leaf area index by an average of 24.5% and 19.8%, the canopy interception rate by an average of 11.5% and 4.1%, and the aboveground biomass by an average of 36.8% and 13.9%, respectively. Moreover, under S1 and S3 conditions, the tiller number per square meter, leaf water potential, leaf water content, and chlorophyll contents were also improved under the slow-release urea than urea. Moreover, slow-release urea promoted root vitality and nutrient absorption as well as enhanced the activity of antioxidant and nitrogen metabolism enzymes than urea under the S1 and S3 conditions. In sum, the rational application of soil amendments and slow-release urea could improve the rice productivity on saline-alkali land.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
S1 increased rice SPAD values by 6.3% compared with S0.
- Taxon
- Rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- S1e0
- Outcome
- SPAD valuese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 6.3%e0
- Comparator
- S0e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“The results showed that during the entire growth period, compared to S0, the S1 and S3 treatments increased the SPAD values by an average of 6.3%and 5.5%, respectively, the leaf area index by an average of 24.5% and 19.8%, the canopy interception rate by an average of 11.5% and 4.1%, and the aboveground biomass by an average of 36.8% and 13.9%, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
S3 increased rice SPAD values by 5.5% compared with S0.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- S3e0
- Outcome
- SPAD valuese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 5.5%e0
- Comparator
- S0e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“The results showed that during the entire growth period, compared to S0, the S1 and S3 treatments increased the SPAD values by an average of 6.3%and 5.5%, respectively, the leaf area index by an average of 24.5% and 19.8%, the canopy interception rate by an average of 11.5% and 4.1%, and the aboveground biomass by an average of 36.8% and 13.9%, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
S1 increased rice leaf area index by 24.5% compared with S0.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- S1e0
- Outcome
- leaf area indexe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 24.5%e0
- Comparator
- S0e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“The results showed that during the entire growth period, compared to S0, the S1 and S3 treatments increased the SPAD values by an average of 6.3%and 5.5%, respectively, the leaf area index by an average of 24.5% and 19.8%, the canopy interception rate by an average of 11.5% and 4.1%, and the aboveground biomass by an average of 36.8% and 13.9%, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
S3 increased rice leaf area index by 19.8% compared with S0.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- S3e0
- Outcome
- leaf area indexe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 19.8%e0
- Comparator
- S0e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“The results showed that during the entire growth period, compared to S0, the S1 and S3 treatments increased the SPAD values by an average of 6.3%and 5.5%, respectively, the leaf area index by an average of 24.5% and 19.8%, the canopy interception rate by an average of 11.5% and 4.1%, and the aboveground biomass by an average of 36.8% and 13.9%, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
S1 increased rice canopy interception rate by 11.5% compared with S0.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- S1e0
- Outcome
- canopy interception ratee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 11.5%e0
- Comparator
- S0e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“The results showed that during the entire growth period, compared to S0, the S1 and S3 treatments increased the SPAD values by an average of 6.3%and 5.5%, respectively, the leaf area index by an average of 24.5% and 19.8%, the canopy interception rate by an average of 11.5% and 4.1%, and the aboveground biomass by an average of 36.8% and 13.9%, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
S3 increased rice canopy interception rate by 4.1% compared with S0.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- S3e0
- Outcome
- canopy interception ratee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 4.1%e0
- Comparator
- S0e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“The results showed that during the entire growth period, compared to S0, the S1 and S3 treatments increased the SPAD values by an average of 6.3%and 5.5%, respectively, the leaf area index by an average of 24.5% and 19.8%, the canopy interception rate by an average of 11.5% and 4.1%, and the aboveground biomass by an average of 36.8% and 13.9%, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
S1 increased rice aboveground biomass by 36.8% compared with S0.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- S1e0
- Outcome
- aboveground biomasse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 36.8%e0
- Comparator
- S0e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“The results showed that during the entire growth period, compared to S0, the S1 and S3 treatments increased the SPAD values by an average of 6.3%and 5.5%, respectively, the leaf area index by an average of 24.5% and 19.8%, the canopy interception rate by an average of 11.5% and 4.1%, and the aboveground biomass by an average of 36.8% and 13.9%, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
S3 increased rice aboveground biomass by 13.9% compared with S0.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- S3e0
- Outcome
- aboveground biomasse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 13.9%e0
- Comparator
- S0e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“The results showed that during the entire growth period, compared to S0, the S1 and S3 treatments increased the SPAD values by an average of 6.3%and 5.5%, respectively, the leaf area index by an average of 24.5% and 19.8%, the canopy interception rate by an average of 11.5% and 4.1%, and the aboveground biomass by an average of 36.8% and 13.9%, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Slow-release urea improved rice tiller number per square meter relative to urea under S1 and S3.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- slow-release ureae0
- Outcome
- tiller number per square metere0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- under S1 and S3 conditionse0
- Comparator
- ureae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“Moreover, under S1 and S3 conditions, the tiller number per square meter, leaf water potential, leaf water content, and chlorophyll contents were also improved under the slow-release urea than urea.”
Claim · model-written summary
Slow-release urea improved rice leaf water potential relative to urea under S1 and S3.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- slow-release ureae0
- Outcome
- leaf water potentiale0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- under S1 and S3 conditionse0
- Comparator
- ureae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“Moreover, under S1 and S3 conditions, the tiller number per square meter, leaf water potential, leaf water content, and chlorophyll contents were also improved under the slow-release urea than urea.”
Claim · model-written summary
Slow-release urea improved rice leaf water content relative to urea under S1 and S3.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- slow-release ureae0
- Outcome
- leaf water contente0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- under S1 and S3 conditionse0
- Comparator
- ureae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“Moreover, under S1 and S3 conditions, the tiller number per square meter, leaf water potential, leaf water content, and chlorophyll contents were also improved under the slow-release urea than urea.”
Claim · model-written summary
Slow-release urea improved rice chlorophyll contents relative to urea under S1 and S3.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- slow-release ureae0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contentse0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- under S1 and S3 conditionse0
- Comparator
- ureae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“Moreover, under S1 and S3 conditions, the tiller number per square meter, leaf water potential, leaf water content, and chlorophyll contents were also improved under the slow-release urea than urea.”
Claim · model-written summary
Slow-release urea promoted rice root vitality relative to urea under S1 and S3.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- slow-release ureae0
- Outcome
- root vitalitye0
- Direction
- promotede0
- Qualifier
- under the S1 and S3 conditionse0
- Comparator
- ureae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“Moreover, slow-release urea promoted root vitality and nutrient absorption as well as enhanced the activity of antioxidant and nitrogen metabolism enzymes than urea under the S1 and S3 conditions.”
Claim · model-written summary
Slow-release urea promoted rice nutrient absorption relative to urea under S1 and S3.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- slow-release ureae0
- Outcome
- nutrient absorptione0
- Direction
- promotede0
- Qualifier
- under the S1 and S3 conditionse0
- Comparator
- ureae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“Moreover, slow-release urea promoted root vitality and nutrient absorption as well as enhanced the activity of antioxidant and nitrogen metabolism enzymes than urea under the S1 and S3 conditions.”
Claim · model-written summary
Slow-release urea enhanced rice activity of antioxidant relative to urea under S1 and S3.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- slow-release ureae0
- Outcome
- activity of antioxidante0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Qualifier
- under the S1 and S3 conditionse0
- Comparator
- ureae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“Moreover, slow-release urea promoted root vitality and nutrient absorption as well as enhanced the activity of antioxidant and nitrogen metabolism enzymes than urea under the S1 and S3 conditions.”
Claim · model-written summary
Slow-release urea enhanced rice nitrogen metabolism enzymes relative to urea under S1 and S3.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- slow-release ureae0
- Outcome
- nitrogen metabolism enzymese0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Qualifier
- under the S1 and S3 conditionse0
- Comparator
- ureae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“Moreover, slow-release urea promoted root vitality and nutrient absorption as well as enhanced the activity of antioxidant and nitrogen metabolism enzymes than urea under the S1 and S3 conditions.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that soil amendments with slow-release urea could improve rice productivity on saline-alkali land.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- rice productivitye0
- Qualifier
- saline-alkali lande0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice”
e0“the rational application of soil amendments and slow-release urea could improve the rice productivity on saline-alkali land”
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