Paper · 2025 · Food Chemistry

Metabolome of different cultivars of peas, lentils, faba beans and lupins – An 1H NMR spectroscopic exploration of their sensory attributes and potential biofunctionality

Banny Silva Barbosa Correia; Eva Bräuner Sørensen; Margit Dall Aaslyng; et al.

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Open access · cc-by

Abstract

The transition to a more plant-based diet embraces a higher consumption of diversified pulses. Understanding the chemical composition of pulses is crucial to decipher their biofunctionality. This study analyzed 14 different cultivars of 4 types of pulses (pea, lentil, faba bean, and lupin) using NMR-based metabolomics. Sucrose, glutamate, and citrate were the metabolites representing the most abundant polar chemical classes (carbohydrates, amino acids, and organic acids). Lupin had a higher content of carbohydrates, and a lower content of free amino acids than the other species. Differences among the cultivars related to carbohydrates were found for peas and lentils, which was reflected in variations in their metabolic pathway potential. Faba beans showed highest concentrations of phenolic compounds. Correlation with data from descriptive sensory profiling enabled pinpointing several amino acids and some organic acids that contributed to explain variations in perceived smell and taste among the cultivars. • The metabolite profile of 14 cultivars of pulses was characterized by NMR spectroscopy • A total of 72 metabolites belonging to 12 different chemical classes were detected • Lupin pulses had a higher content of carbohydrates than peas, fava beans and lentils • Pea and lentil cultivars differed most in metabolic pathways differed among the species

Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗

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Claims 8

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Sucrose, glutamate and citrate represented the most abundant polar chemical classes.

Outcome
Sucrose, glutamate, and citrate were the metabolites representing the most abundant polar chemical classese0
Direction
most abundante0

Not reportedTaxon

Verbatim

e0

“Sucrose, glutamate, and citrate were the metabolites representing the most abundant polar chemical classes (carbohydrates, amino acids, and organic acids).”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 321–476 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Lupin had higher carbohydrate content than the other species.

Taxon
LupinLupinuse0
Outcome
content of carbohydratese0
Direction
highere0
Comparator
other speciese0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Lupinus
Lupinus · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)Jean-Claude Echardour [CC BY-SA], via Tela Botanica · CC BY 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Lupin had a higher content of carbohydrates, and a lower content of free amino acids than the other species.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 477–585 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Lupin had lower free amino acid content than the other species.

Taxon
LupinLupinuse0
Outcome
content of free amino acidse0
Direction
lowere0
Comparator
other speciese0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Lupinus
Lupinus · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)Jean-Claude Echardour [CC BY-SA], via Tela Botanica · CC BY 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Lupin had a higher content of carbohydrates, and a lower content of free amino acids than the other species.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 477–585 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Pea cultivars differed in carbohydrates and metabolic pathway potential.

Outcome
Differences among the cultivars related to carbohydratese0

Not reportedDirection

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Lathyrus oleraceus
Lathyrus oleraceus · TaxonRenee Comet (photographer) AV Number: AV-9400-4164 · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Differences among the cultivars related to carbohydrates were found for peas and lentils, which was reflected in variations in their metabolic pathway potential.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 586–747 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Lentil cultivars differed in carbohydrates and metabolic pathway potential.

Taxon
lentilsLens culinarise0
Outcome
variations in their metabolic pathway potentiale0

Not reportedDirection

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Lens culinaris
Lens culinaris · TaxonUser:Justinc · CC BY-SA 2.5 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Differences among the cultivars related to carbohydrates were found for peas and lentils, which was reflected in variations in their metabolic pathway potential.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 586–747 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Faba beans had the highest phenolic compound concentrations.

Taxon
Faba beansVicia fabae0
Outcome
concentrations of phenolic compoundse0
Direction
higheste0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Vicia faba
Vicia faba · TaxonRahmaziz · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Faba beans showed highest concentrations of phenolic compounds.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 748–811 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Amino and organic acids correlated with perceived smell and taste variation among cultivars.

Compound
several amino acids and some organic acidse0
Outcome
variations in perceived smell and tastee0

Not reportedTaxonDirection

Verbatim

e0

“several amino acids and some organic acids that contributed to explain variations in perceived smell and taste among the cultivars.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 889–1020 · show in text ↑
Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

NMR detected 72 metabolites across 12 chemical classes.

Outcome
metabolitese0
Value
72 metabolitese0

Not reportedTaxon

Verbatim

e0

“A total of 72 metabolites belonging to 12 different chemical classes were detected”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1112–1194 · show in text ↑