Abstract
Boron (B) is an essential micronutrient for the development of crops, and its reproductive stage is particularly sensitive to B deficiency. Brassica napus L., as an important oil-crop species, is extremely vulnerable to B deficiency. The typical B-deficient symptom of “flowering without seed setting” usually results in severe yield loss. However, few studies have focused on the response of the reproductive organs to B deficiency. In this study, the B-efficient variety “Zhongshuang 11” (ZS11) and the B-inefficient variety “Westar 10” (W10) of Brassica napus were selected to be cultivated at the developmental stage (BBCH15) in a pot experiment, both with and without B supply. Clear phenotype differences in B deficiency between the two varieties’ flowers appeared only at the reproductive stage, and only W10 showed symptoms of delayed flower opening, stigma exsertion, and resulted in abortion. Transcriptome analysis for the early buds of both varieties between B supply (+B) and free (−B) treatments revealed that W10 had more differentially expressed genes (DEGs) corresponding to its greater susceptibility to −B. As two potential mechanisms to improve B-efficient utilization, we focused on analyzing the expression profiles of B transporter-related genes and phytohormone metabolism-related genes. BnaC05.NIP7;1, BnaC08.NIP3;1, and BnaBOR2s were identified as the key genes which could enhance the capacity of B translocation to buds of ZS11. Additionally, combined with a phytohormone concentration measurement, we showed that a significant increase in IAA and a drastic decrease in JA could predominantly lead to the abnormal development of W10’s buds. BnaC02.NIT2 (Nitrilase 2) and BnaKAT5s (3-Ketoacyl-CoA Thiolase 5), which are IAA and JA biosynthesis genes, respectively, could be the key genes responsible for the changes in IAA and JA concentrations in W10’s buds under −B. These candidate genes may regulate the genotype differences in the response of the rapeseed reproductive stage to −B between different B-efficient varieties. It also has potential to breed rapeseed varieties with B-efficient utilization in the reproductive stage, which would improve the seed yield under −B condition.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Phenotype differences in boron deficiency between the two varieties’ flowers appear only at the reproductive stage.
- Taxon
- Brassica napus
_Brassica_napus_-_Habit.jpg?width=60)
Brassica napust0 - Organ / stage
- flowerse1
- Outcome
- phenotype differences in B deficiencye1
- Qualifier
- only at the reproductive stagee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Brassica_napus_-_Habit.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Brassica napus Varieties”
e1“Clear phenotype differences in B deficiency between the two varieties’ flowers appeared only at the reproductive stage”
Claim · model-written summary
Only W10 shows symptoms of delayed flower opening, stigma exsertion and abortion under boron deficiency.
- Taxon
- Brassica napusBrassica napust0
- Material
- W10e2
- Outcome
- symptomse2
- Qualifier
- delayed flower opening, stigma exsertion, and resulted in abortione2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Brassica napus Varieties”
e2“only W10 showed symptoms of delayed flower opening, stigma exsertion, and resulted in abortion”
Claim · model-written summary
W10 has more differentially expressed genes than under B supply when boron is withheld.
- Taxon
- Brassica napusBrassica napust0
- Material
- W10e3
- Treatment
- −Be3
- Outcome
- differentially expressed genes (DEGs)e3
- Direction
- moree3
- Comparator
- B supply (+B)e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Brassica napus Varieties”
e3“Transcriptome analysis for the early buds of both varieties between B supply (+B) and free (−B) treatments revealed that W10 had more differentially expressed genes (DEGs) corresponding to its greater susceptibility to −B”
Claim · model-written summary
BnaC05.NIP7;1, BnaC08.NIP3;1 and BnaBOR2s are suggested to enhance boron translocation capacity to ZS11 buds.
- Taxon
- Brassica napusBrassica napust0
- Material
- ZS11e4
- Gene
- BnaC05.NIP7;1, BnaC08.NIP3;1, and BnaBOR2se4
- Outcome
- capacity of B translocatione4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Brassica napus Varieties”
e4“BnaC05.NIP7;1, BnaC08.NIP3;1, and BnaBOR2s were identified as the key genes which could enhance the capacity of B translocation to buds of ZS11”
Claim · model-written summary
IAA concentration in W10 buds increases significantly under boron deficiency.
- Taxon
- Brassica napusBrassica napust0
- Material
- W10e5
- Organ / stage
- budse5
- Compound
- IAAe5
- Outcome
- phytohormone concentratione5
- Direction
- increasee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Brassica napus Varieties”
e5“Additionally, combined with a phytohormone concentration measurement, we showed that a significant increase in IAA and a drastic decrease in JA could predominantly lead to the abnormal development of W10’s buds”
Claim · model-written summary
JA concentration in W10 buds decreases drastically under boron deficiency.
- Taxon
- Brassica napusBrassica napust0
- Material
- W10e5
- Organ / stage
- budse5
- Compound
- JAe5
- Outcome
- phytohormone concentratione5
- Direction
- decreasee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Brassica napus Varieties”
e5“Additionally, combined with a phytohormone concentration measurement, we showed that a significant increase in IAA and a drastic decrease in JA could predominantly lead to the abnormal development of W10’s buds”
Claim · model-written summary
The IAA increase and JA decrease are suggested to lead to abnormal development of W10 buds.
- Taxon
- Brassica napusBrassica napust0
- Material
- W10e5
- Outcome
- abnormal developmente5
- Qualifier
- a significant increase in IAA and a drastic decrease in JAe5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Brassica napus Varieties”
e5“Additionally, combined with a phytohormone concentration measurement, we showed that a significant increase in IAA and a drastic decrease in JA could predominantly lead to the abnormal development of W10’s buds”
Claim · model-written summary
BnaC02.NIT2 is suggested to be responsible for the changes in IAA concentrations in W10 buds under boron deficiency.
- Taxon
- Brassica napusBrassica napust0
- Material
- W10e6
- Gene
- BnaC02.NIT2e6
- Compound
- IAAe6
- Outcome
- concentrationse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Brassica napus Varieties”
e6“BnaC02.NIT2 (Nitrilase 2) and BnaKAT5s (3-Ketoacyl-CoA Thiolase 5), which are IAA and JA biosynthesis genes, respectively, could be the key genes responsible for the changes in IAA and JA concentrations in W10’s buds under −B”
Claim · model-written summary
BnaKAT5s is suggested to be responsible for the changes in JA concentrations in W10 buds under boron deficiency.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Brassica napus Varieties”
e6“BnaC02.NIT2 (Nitrilase 2) and BnaKAT5s (3-Ketoacyl-CoA Thiolase 5), which are IAA and JA biosynthesis genes, respectively, could be the key genes responsible for the changes in IAA and JA concentrations in W10’s buds under −B”
Claim · model-written summary
Breeding rapeseed varieties with B-efficient utilization in the reproductive stage would improve seed yield under boron deficiency.
Verbatim
e7“It also has potential to breed rapeseed varieties with B-efficient utilization in the reproductive stage, which would improve the seed yield under −B condition”