Impact of integrated nutrient management on growth, productivity and soil biochemical property of kharif rice

Abstract

An experiment was conducted during kharif season of 2022 and 2023 to evaluate the performance of rice under integrated nutrient management using inorganic, organic and nano fertilizers. The experiment was designed as a Randomized Block Design (RBD) for rice during Kharif. The rice variety “Kalinga Dhan 1204” was sown in July with seven treatments: T1- Control (No fertilizer), T2- Full soil test based nitrogen recommendation (STBNR) through inorganic sources, T3- Full STBNR through organic sources (FYM), T4- Full STBNR through 50 % organic (FYM) + 50 % inorganic sources, T5- Full STBNR through 25 % organic (FYM) + 75 % inorganic sources, T6- 50 % N through inorganic sources + 2 nano urea spray (Tillering & PI stage), T7- 75% N through inorganic sources + 2 nano urea spray (Tillering & PI stage). Pooled data indicated application of Full STBNR through 25 % organic (FYM) + 75 % inorganic sources resulted in highest plant height (117.05 cm), leaf area index (LAI) (5.26), dry matter production per square meter (1085.50 g m-2), number of tillers per square meter (393.17), panicle length (26.60 cm), panicle weight (2.96 g), number of filled grains per panicle (166.67), grain yield (6.64 t ha-1), straw yield (7.45 t ha-1) and harvest index (47.13 %).

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Claims 10

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The 25% organic and 75% inorganic STBNR treatment gave the highest plant height.

Taxon: riceOryza sativae0
Material: Kalinga Dhan 1204e0
Treatment: Full STBNR through 25 % organic (FYM) + 75 % inorganic sourcese1
Outcome: plant heighte1
Direction: higheste1
Value: 117.05 cme1

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

*Oryza sativa* · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryDesmanthus4food · CC BY-SA 3.0 us · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0
“rice variety “Kalinga Dhan 1204””
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 277–309 · show in text ↑

e1
“application of Full STBNR through 25 % organic (FYM) + 75 % inorganic sources resulted in highest plant height (117.05 cm), leaf area index (LAI) (5.26), dry matter production per square meter (1085.50 g m-2), number of tillers per square meter (393.17), panicle length (26.60 cm), panicle weight (2.96 g), number of filled grains per panicle (166.67), grain yield (6.64 t ha-1), straw yield (7.45 t ha-1) and harvest index (47.13 %).”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 828–1262 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The 25% organic and 75% inorganic STBNR treatment gave the highest leaf area index (LAI).

Taxon: riceOryza sativae0
Material: Kalinga Dhan 1204e0
Treatment: Full STBNR through 25 % organic (FYM) + 75 % inorganic sourcese1
Outcome: leaf area index (LAI)e1
Direction: higheste1
Value: 5.26e1

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“rice variety “Kalinga Dhan 1204””
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 277–309 · show in text ↑

e1
“application of Full STBNR through 25 % organic (FYM) + 75 % inorganic sources resulted in highest plant height (117.05 cm), leaf area index (LAI) (5.26), dry matter production per square meter (1085.50 g m-2), number of tillers per square meter (393.17), panicle length (26.60 cm), panicle weight (2.96 g), number of filled grains per panicle (166.67), grain yield (6.64 t ha-1), straw yield (7.45 t ha-1) and harvest index (47.13 %).”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 828–1262 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The 25% organic and 75% inorganic STBNR treatment gave the highest dry matter production per square meter.

Taxon: riceOryza sativae0
Material: Kalinga Dhan 1204e0
Treatment: Full STBNR through 25 % organic (FYM) + 75 % inorganic sourcese1
Outcome: dry matter production per square metere1
Direction: higheste1
Value: 1085.50 g m-2e1

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“rice variety “Kalinga Dhan 1204””
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 277–309 · show in text ↑

e1
“application of Full STBNR through 25 % organic (FYM) + 75 % inorganic sources resulted in highest plant height (117.05 cm), leaf area index (LAI) (5.26), dry matter production per square meter (1085.50 g m-2), number of tillers per square meter (393.17), panicle length (26.60 cm), panicle weight (2.96 g), number of filled grains per panicle (166.67), grain yield (6.64 t ha-1), straw yield (7.45 t ha-1) and harvest index (47.13 %).”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 828–1262 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The 25% organic and 75% inorganic STBNR treatment gave the highest number of tillers per square meter.

Taxon: riceOryza sativae0
Material: Kalinga Dhan 1204e0
Treatment: Full STBNR through 25 % organic (FYM) + 75 % inorganic sourcese1
Outcome: number of tillers per square metere1
Direction: higheste1
Value: 393.17e1

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“rice variety “Kalinga Dhan 1204””
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 277–309 · show in text ↑

e1
“application of Full STBNR through 25 % organic (FYM) + 75 % inorganic sources resulted in highest plant height (117.05 cm), leaf area index (LAI) (5.26), dry matter production per square meter (1085.50 g m-2), number of tillers per square meter (393.17), panicle length (26.60 cm), panicle weight (2.96 g), number of filled grains per panicle (166.67), grain yield (6.64 t ha-1), straw yield (7.45 t ha-1) and harvest index (47.13 %).”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 828–1262 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The 25% organic and 75% inorganic STBNR treatment gave the highest panicle length.

Taxon: riceOryza sativae0
Material: Kalinga Dhan 1204e0
Treatment: Full STBNR through 25 % organic (FYM) + 75 % inorganic sourcese1
Outcome: panicle lengthe1
Direction: higheste1
Value: 26.60 cme1

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“rice variety “Kalinga Dhan 1204””
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 277–309 · show in text ↑

e1
“application of Full STBNR through 25 % organic (FYM) + 75 % inorganic sources resulted in highest plant height (117.05 cm), leaf area index (LAI) (5.26), dry matter production per square meter (1085.50 g m-2), number of tillers per square meter (393.17), panicle length (26.60 cm), panicle weight (2.96 g), number of filled grains per panicle (166.67), grain yield (6.64 t ha-1), straw yield (7.45 t ha-1) and harvest index (47.13 %).”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 828–1262 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The 25% organic and 75% inorganic STBNR treatment gave the highest panicle weight.

Taxon: riceOryza sativae0
Material: Kalinga Dhan 1204e0
Treatment: Full STBNR through 25 % organic (FYM) + 75 % inorganic sourcese1
Outcome: panicle weighte1
Direction: higheste1
Value: 2.96 ge1

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“rice variety “Kalinga Dhan 1204””
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 277–309 · show in text ↑

e1
“application of Full STBNR through 25 % organic (FYM) + 75 % inorganic sources resulted in highest plant height (117.05 cm), leaf area index (LAI) (5.26), dry matter production per square meter (1085.50 g m-2), number of tillers per square meter (393.17), panicle length (26.60 cm), panicle weight (2.96 g), number of filled grains per panicle (166.67), grain yield (6.64 t ha-1), straw yield (7.45 t ha-1) and harvest index (47.13 %).”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 828–1262 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The 25% organic and 75% inorganic STBNR treatment gave the highest number of filled grains per panicle.

Taxon: riceOryza sativae0
Material: Kalinga Dhan 1204e0
Treatment: Full STBNR through 25 % organic (FYM) + 75 % inorganic sourcese1
Outcome: number of filled grains per paniclee1
Direction: higheste1
Value: 166.67e1

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“rice variety “Kalinga Dhan 1204””
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 277–309 · show in text ↑

e1
“application of Full STBNR through 25 % organic (FYM) + 75 % inorganic sources resulted in highest plant height (117.05 cm), leaf area index (LAI) (5.26), dry matter production per square meter (1085.50 g m-2), number of tillers per square meter (393.17), panicle length (26.60 cm), panicle weight (2.96 g), number of filled grains per panicle (166.67), grain yield (6.64 t ha-1), straw yield (7.45 t ha-1) and harvest index (47.13 %).”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 828–1262 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The 25% organic and 75% inorganic STBNR treatment gave the highest grain yield.

Taxon: riceOryza sativae0
Material: Kalinga Dhan 1204e0
Treatment: Full STBNR through 25 % organic (FYM) + 75 % inorganic sourcese1
Outcome: grain yielde1
Direction: higheste1
Value: 6.64 t ha-1e1

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“rice variety “Kalinga Dhan 1204””
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 277–309 · show in text ↑

e1
“application of Full STBNR through 25 % organic (FYM) + 75 % inorganic sources resulted in highest plant height (117.05 cm), leaf area index (LAI) (5.26), dry matter production per square meter (1085.50 g m-2), number of tillers per square meter (393.17), panicle length (26.60 cm), panicle weight (2.96 g), number of filled grains per panicle (166.67), grain yield (6.64 t ha-1), straw yield (7.45 t ha-1) and harvest index (47.13 %).”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 828–1262 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The 25% organic and 75% inorganic STBNR treatment gave the highest straw yield.

Taxon: riceOryza sativae0
Material: Kalinga Dhan 1204e0
Treatment: Full STBNR through 25 % organic (FYM) + 75 % inorganic sourcese1
Outcome: straw yielde1
Direction: higheste1
Value: 7.45 t ha-1e1

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“rice variety “Kalinga Dhan 1204””
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 277–309 · show in text ↑

e1
“application of Full STBNR through 25 % organic (FYM) + 75 % inorganic sources resulted in highest plant height (117.05 cm), leaf area index (LAI) (5.26), dry matter production per square meter (1085.50 g m-2), number of tillers per square meter (393.17), panicle length (26.60 cm), panicle weight (2.96 g), number of filled grains per panicle (166.67), grain yield (6.64 t ha-1), straw yield (7.45 t ha-1) and harvest index (47.13 %).”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 828–1262 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The 25% organic and 75% inorganic STBNR treatment gave the highest harvest index.

Taxon: riceOryza sativae0
Material: Kalinga Dhan 1204e0
Treatment: Full STBNR through 25 % organic (FYM) + 75 % inorganic sourcese1
Outcome: harvest indexe1
Direction: higheste1
Value: 47.13 %e1

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“rice variety “Kalinga Dhan 1204””
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 277–309 · show in text ↑

e1
“application of Full STBNR through 25 % organic (FYM) + 75 % inorganic sources resulted in highest plant height (117.05 cm), leaf area index (LAI) (5.26), dry matter production per square meter (1085.50 g m-2), number of tillers per square meter (393.17), panicle length (26.60 cm), panicle weight (2.96 g), number of filled grains per panicle (166.67), grain yield (6.64 t ha-1), straw yield (7.45 t ha-1) and harvest index (47.13 %).”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 828–1262 · show in text ↑

nitrogen · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results

511 papers: 402 positive, 109 negative or no effect

401 papers in the same direction as this paper · 101 in the opposite direction · 8 reporting no difference from an alternative

negative
N-deprivation caused the maximum reduction in shoot growth of rice seedlings.
Seed Priming Alters the Production and Detoxification of Reactive Oxygen Intermediates in Rice Seedlings Grown under Sub-optimal Temperature and Nutrient Supply · 2016
Opposite direction
negative
Tungstate, an NR inhibitor, considerably inhibited lateral root initiation when applied in addition to PNN.
Nitric oxide generated by nitrate reductase increases nitrogen uptake capacity by inducing lateral root formation and inorganic nitrogen uptake under partial nitrate nutrition in rice · 2015 · compared with PNN
Opposite direction
negative
Higher nitrogen increased Wuyunjing23 plant height and inner culm diameters.
Lodging Resistance of Japonica Rice (Oryza Sativa L.): Morphological and Anatomical Traits due to top-Dressing Nitrogen Application Rates · 2016
Opposite direction

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fertilization · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results

759 papers: 670 positive, 89 negative or no effect

669 papers in the same direction as this paper · 81 in the opposite direction · 8 reporting no difference from an alternative

negative
Salt stress inhibited overall seedling growth.
A hydroponic rice seedling culture model system for investigating proteome of salt stress in rice leaf · 2005
Opposite direction
negative
Higher nitrogen increased Wuyunjing23 plant height and inner culm diameters.
Lodging Resistance of Japonica Rice (Oryza Sativa L.): Morphological and Anatomical Traits due to top-Dressing Nitrogen Application Rates · 2016
Opposite direction
negative
Increasing top-dressing N raised or reduced lodging rate as reported for two japonica rice varieties.
Top-dressing nitrogen fertilizer rate contributes to decrease culm physical strength by reducing structural carbohydrate content in japonica rice · 2016
Opposite direction

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nitrogen · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results

2,045 papers: 1,803 positive, 242 negative or no effect

1,802 papers in the same direction as this paper · 193 in the opposite direction · 49 reporting no difference from an alternative

negative
Green manure and rice straw nitrogen, alone or in combination with inorganic N, gave lower grain yield, agronomic efficiency and apparent nitrogen uptake than a standard split application of prilled urea.
Long-term Comparison of the Agronomic Efficiency and Residual Benefits of Organic and Inorganic Nitrogen Sources for Tropical Lowland Rice · 1996 · compared with a standard split application of prilled urea
Opposite direction
negative
Chaffy grain number and chaffy grain weight per 5 panicles increased significantly with enhancing nitrogen doses.
Physiological response of rice (Oryza sativaL.) genotypes to elevated nitrogen applied under field conditions · 2014
Opposite direction
negative
Excessive nitrogen yielded 2.68–6.31% less than appropriate nitrogen application.
Excessive Nitrogen Application Leads to Lower Rice Yield and Grain Quality by Inhibiting the Grain Filling of Inferior Grains · 2022 · compared with appropriate nitrogen application (270 kg N ha−1)
Opposite direction

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fertilization · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results

3,455 papers: 3,183 positive, 272 negative or no effect

3,182 papers in the same direction as this paper · 207 in the opposite direction · 65 reporting no difference from an alternative

no effect
Current high nitrogen practices do not significantly raise crop yields relative to optimum fertilization.
Reducing environmental risk by improving N management in intensive Chinese agricultural systems · 2009 · compared with knowledge-based optimum N fertilization
Opposite direction
no effect
CRFs had no effect on crop yield.
Effect of Enhanced Efficiency Fertilizers on Nitrous Oxide Emissions and Crop Yields: A Meta‐analysis · 2016
Opposite direction
negative
The authors found fertilizer and irrigation investment had limited effects on rice production.
Moving toward rice self-sufficiency in sub-Saharan Africa by 2030: Lessons learned from 10 years of the Coalition for African Rice Development · 2021
Opposite direction

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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.

Abstract

Claims 10

The same questions in other papers

nitrogen · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results

fertilization · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results

nitrogen · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results

fertilization · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results