Abstract
To meet India's growing pulse demand, the productivity of pigeonpea hybrids must be enhanced through advanced agronomic practices tailored to optimize its potential in different soil types. Therefore, we conducted a field experiment combining planting methods, plant geometry and nutrient management strategy on hybrid pigeonpea (ICPH 2740) in black soil at ICRISAT, Hyderabad, during the 2021 and 2022 kharif seasons. The objective was to identify the best agronomic practices for yield optimization by examining growth parameters and yield components in relation to seed yield. The study evaluated 30 treatments using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and correlation analysis to assess substantial variation and relationships among 11 quantitative components. From the mean PCA scoring it was found that higher influential yield components were number of secondary branches plant-1 and number of pods plant-1 over other components. Higher positive scoring with respect to the number of secondary branches plant-1 (2.94) and seed yield (0.32) was recorded with transplanting in the combination of 100 × 100 cm and integrated nutrient approach. However, the number of pods plant-1 scoring (0.96) was higher with transplanting in combination with 120 × 120 cm and integrated nutrient management. Similarly, from the correlation studies it was found that seed yield was highly correlated with the number of secondary branches plant-1 and the number of pods plant-1 (0.96 and 0.86 respectively). Transplanting pigeonpea resulted in a 33.4% higher mean seed yield compared to dibbling. In terms of plant geometry, individual plant yield was highest at 120 × 120 cm spacing; however, on a per-hectare basis, 100 × 100 cm spacing achieved 23.6% higher mean seed yield than 120 × 120 cm. Under transplanting and wider geometry (100 × 100 cm), hybrid pigeonpea recorded a 38% higher seed yield when supplemented with 100% Soil TestBased (STB) NPK + vermicompost at 5 t ha-1 + phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) + Rhizobium seed treatment, compared to STB NPK alone. Ultimately, the combination of transplanting, 100 × 100 cm spacing and integrated nutrient management (100% STB NPK + vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1 + PSB + Rhizobium seed treatment) proved optimal for yield enhancement and cost-benefit analysis. These findings were consistently supported by PCA and correlation analysis.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Secondary branch and pod numbers were the most influential yield components.
- Taxon
- hybrid pigeonpea
Cajanus cajant0 - Organ / stage
- secondary branchese0
- Outcome
- yield componentse0
- Direction
- highere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher influential yield components were number of secondary branches plant-1 and number of pods plant-1 over other components.”
t0“hybrid pigeonpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Transplanting at 100 × 100 cm with integrated nutrition gave higher secondary branch scores.
- Taxon
- hybrid pigeonpeaCajanus cajant0
- Treatment
- transplanting in the combination of 100 × 100 cm and integrated nutrient approache0
- Outcome
- number of secondary branches plant-1e0
- Direction
- Highere0
- Value
- 2.94e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Higher positive scoring with respect to the number of secondary branches plant-1 (2.94) and seed yield (0.32) was recorded with transplanting in the combination of 100 × 100 cm and integrated nutrient approach.”
t0“hybrid pigeonpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Transplanting at 100 × 100 cm with integrated nutrition gave a higher seed yield score.
- Taxon
- hybrid pigeonpeaCajanus cajant0
- Treatment
- transplanting in the combination of 100 × 100 cm and integrated nutrient approache0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- Highere0
- Value
- 0.32e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Higher positive scoring with respect to the number of secondary branches plant-1 (2.94) and seed yield (0.32) was recorded with transplanting in the combination of 100 × 100 cm and integrated nutrient approach.”
t0“hybrid pigeonpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Transplanting at 120 × 120 cm with integrated nutrient management gave the higher pod score.
- Taxon
- hybrid pigeonpeaCajanus cajant0
- Treatment
- transplanting in combination with 120 × 120 cm and integrated nutrient managemente0
- Outcome
- number of pods plant-1 scoringe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 0.96e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the number of pods plant-1 scoring (0.96) was higher with transplanting in combination with 120 × 120 cm and integrated nutrient management.”
t0“hybrid pigeonpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed yield correlated with secondary branch number at 0.96.
- Taxon
- hybrid pigeonpeaCajanus cajant0
- Organ / stage
- secondary branchese0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Value
- 0.96e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seed yield was highly correlated with the number of secondary branches plant-1 and the number of pods plant-1 (0.96 and 0.86 respectively).”
t0“hybrid pigeonpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed yield correlated with pod number at 0.86.
- Taxon
- hybrid pigeonpeaCajanus cajant0
- Organ / stage
- podse0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Value
- 0.86e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seed yield was highly correlated with the number of secondary branches plant-1 and the number of pods plant-1 (0.96 and 0.86 respectively).”
t0“hybrid pigeonpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Transplanting raised mean seed yield by 33.4% relative to dibbling.
- Taxon
- pigeonpeaCajanus cajane0
- Treatment
- Transplantinge0
- Outcome
- mean seed yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 33.4%e0
- Comparator
- dibblinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Transplanting pigeonpea resulted in a 33.4% higher mean seed yield compared to dibbling.”
Claim · model-written summary
Individual plant yield was highest at 120 × 120 cm spacing.
- Taxon
- hybrid pigeonpeaCajanus cajant0
- Treatment
- 120 × 120 cm spacinge0
- Outcome
- individual plant yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“individual plant yield was highest at 120 × 120 cm spacing”
t0“hybrid pigeonpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Per-hectare mean seed yield was 23.6% higher at 100 × 100 cm than 120 × 120 cm.
- Taxon
- hybrid pigeonpeaCajanus cajant0
- Treatment
- 100 × 100 cm spacinge0
- Outcome
- mean seed yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 23.6%e0
- Comparator
- 120 × 120 cme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on a per-hectare basis, 100 × 100 cm spacing achieved 23.6% higher mean seed yield than 120 × 120 cm.”
t0“hybrid pigeonpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated nutrient inputs increased seed yield by 38% against STB NPK alone under transplanting at 100 × 100 cm.
- Taxon
- hybrid pigeonpeaCajanus cajant0
- Treatment
- 100% Soil TestBased (STB) NPK + vermicompost at 5 t ha-1 + phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) + Rhizobium seed treatmente0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 38%e0
- Comparator
- STB NPK alonee0
RhizobiumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“hybrid pigeonpea recorded a 38% higher seed yield when supplemented with 100% Soil TestBased (STB) NPK + vermicompost at 5 t ha-1 + phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) + Rhizobium seed treatment, compared to STB NPK alone.”
t0“hybrid pigeonpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Transplanting, 100 × 100 cm spacing and integrated nutrient management were optimal for yield and cost benefit.
- Taxon
- hybrid pigeonpeaCajanus cajant0
- Outcome
- combination of transplanting, 100 × 100 cm spacing and integrated nutrient managemente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the combination of transplanting, 100 × 100 cm spacing and integrated nutrient management (100% STB NPK + vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1 + PSB + Rhizobium seed treatment) proved optimal for yield enhancement and cost-benefit analysis.”
t0“hybrid pigeonpea”
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