density · Yield · Cajanus cajan (pigeon pea)

Effect of Planting Time, Plant Population and Row Spacing on Yield and Other Characteristics of Pigeonpeas, Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. · 1973

• positive
  Pods per plant increased markedly as row spacing was increased.
• positive
  Yield tended to be higher at lower spacing between rows.
• no effect
  Plant population had no effect on seed size or number of seeds per pod.
• no effect
  Row spacing had no effect on seed size or number of seeds per pod.

cited by 1 paper here

Effects of plant density and P and S fertilizers on the yield of pigeon pea Cajanus cajan at Pa Kia. · 1980

• positive
  Pigeon pea seed yield increased with increasing plant density from 255 to 801 kg/ha in 1976.
• positive
  Pigeon pea seed yield increased with increasing plant density from 400 to 940 kg/ha in 1977.
• negative
  DM yield, pod yield and seed yield per plant decreased with increased plant density.

Response of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) to plant density and phosphorus fertilizer under dryland conditions · 1981

• positive
  Increasing plant density raised stalk and total N and P yield.
• positive
  Density of 117 × 10 3 plants/ha produced maximum grain yield of 1·53 t/ha.

Effects of Population on Physiological Growth Parameters of Pigeonpea Genotypes in Sole and Intercropped Stand with Sorghum CO 22 · 1986

• positive
  Increased density increased pigeonpea dry matter production during early stages.

Productivity and economic viability of a palmarosa–pigeonpea intercropping system in the subtropical climate of north India · 1998

• positive
  Pigeonpea grain, stalk and total dry matter yield per plant were considerably improved at the wider row spacing in the intercropped system compared with a sole crop.

  compared with sole crop

An analysis of yield variation among long-duration pigeonpea genotypes in relation to season, irrigation and plant population · 2001

• positive
  High plant density significantly increased dry mass and grain yields, particularly with irrigation.

  compared with lower plant density

cited by 2 papers here

Production potential of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) and greengram (Phaseolus radiatus) intercropping patterns in semi arid tract of Haryana · 2001

• positive
  Sole pigeonpea at 45 cm row spacing had the highest benefit-cost ratio (1.67).

Evaluation of intercropping systems involving pearlmillet (Pennisetum typhoides) and mungbean (Vigna radiata) as intercrop in pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) · 2001

• positive
  Pigeonpea at 75 cm with two mungbean rows maximized pigeonpea equivalent yield at 2.63 t/ha.

Intercropping of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) with greengram (Phaseolus radiahs) under varying levels of fertility and plant population and its residual effect on succeeding wheat (Triticum aestivum) · 2001

• positive
  The specified pigeonpea-greengram intercrop produced higher combined grain yield than sole crops and other intercrops.

  compared with sole pigeonpea

Effect of spacing on hybrid seed yield of piegeonpea hubrid COPH2 (Cajanus cajan L.Millsp) · 2003

• positive
  Plants spaced at 45 x 20 cm gave significantly higher seed yield of 728 kg ha in the September sown crop.

Effect of date of sowing and spacing on growth and yield of rabi pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) · 2008

• positive
  Mid-October sowing under close spacing gave the highest seed yield of 17.42 q/ha.

  compared with other treatments

• positive
  Closer spacing gave higher seed yield than wider spacing.

  compared with wider spacing

cited by 1 paper here

Effect of Fertility Level, Plant Density and Methods of Planting on the Performance of Rainfed Pigeonpea · 2008

• positive
  A plant density of 8.33 plants m−2 gave significantly higher seed yield than 6.66 plants m−2 in pigeonpea

  compared with 6.66 plants m−2

• positive
  A plant density of 8.33 plants m−2 gave higher values of all yield contributing characters in pigeonpea
• no effect
  Further increase in plant density to 11.1 plants m−2 gave no yield advantage in pigeonpea

Effect of spacing and irrigation on seed production of a CMS-based pigeonpea hybrid · 2010

• positive
  Closer spacing yielded 30-60% more than wide spacing.

  compared with wide spacing

• positive
  At 75 cm x 30 cm spacing with irrigation every 14 days, a 4:1 row ratio yielded 2357 kg ha'.
• positive
  At 75 cm x 30 cm spacing with irrigation every 14 days, a 3:1 row ratio yielded 2699 kg ha''.

cited by 1 paper here

Influence of spacing and irrigation on seed production of medium-duration pigeonpea hybrid · 2011

• positive
  Individual pigeonpea plants sown at wider spacing had better growth and yield traits than at closer spacing.

  compared with closer spacing

cited by 1 paper here

Influence of spacing and irrigation on the seed yield of a CMS line ‘ICPA 2043’ of hybrid pigeonpea · 2011

• positive
  High density significantly increased seed yield per hectare.

  compared with low plant population density

• positive
  A 3:1 ratio with 75 cm × 30 cm spacing and 14-day irrigation gave the highest seed yield, 1871 kg/ha, 18.30% more than the best 4:1 yield.

  compared with 4:1 planting ratio with spacing of 75 cm × 30 cm and irrigation at every 14 days

• positive
  At a 4:1 ratio and 14-day irrigation, 75 cm rows yielded 42.64% more than 150 cm rows.

  compared with 150 cm

• positive
  At a 3:1 ratio and 14-day irrigation, 75 cm rows yielded 45.56% more than 150 cm rows.

  compared with 150 cm

• positive
  Low density increased single-plant yield, biomass, primary branches and pods per plant.

  compared with high plant population density

• negative
  High density reduced biomass and seed yield per plant.

  compared with low plant population density

cited by 3 papers here

Optimization of agronomic requirement for medium duration pigeonpea hybrid under rainfed condition in vertisol · 2012

• positive
  Row spacing of 90 cm gave 1371 kg/ha grain yield, above 60 cm.

  compared with 60 cm

Optimization of Agronomic Requirement for Medium Duration · 2012

• positive
  30 cm plant spacing was superior to 20 cm for grain yield, with a similar net-return trend.

  compared with 20 cm

• positive
  Net return followed the yield ranking across row spacings.

  compared with 60 cm

• positive
  90 cm row spacing produced the significantly highest grain yield, 1371 kg/ha.

  compared with 60 cm

Effect of planting geometry and phosphate management on quality and economics of semi-rabi pigeonpea · 2012

• positive
  Spacing of 60 x 15 cm and 100% RDP plus PSB maximized gross and net monetary returns and benefit-cost ratio.

Yield and yield attributes of hybrid pigeonpea (ICPH 2671) grown for seed purpose as influenced by plant density and irrigation · 2013

• positive
  Plant spacing of 75 cm x 30 cm gave the highest seed yield, 3255 kg/ha, compared with other treatments.

  compared with other treatments

cites 5 papers here

Effect of spacing on performance of pigeon pea varieties · 2014

• positive
  Inter-row spacing of 60 cm produced significantly higher pigeon pea yield than the other spacing treatments.

  compared with rest of the spacing treatments

• no effect
  Inter-row spacing of 60 cm was at par with 75 cm for pigeon pea yield.

  compared with 75 cmNo difference from an alternative treatment

LTR and Yield Advantages of Pigeonpea at Different Cropping Geometry Under Intercropped Situation · 2014

• positive
  At that geometry, dry matter production increased significantly to 6342 kg ha−1.

Effect of transplanting on yield and quality of pigeonpea (Cajanus Cajan (L.) millsp.) · 2014

• positive
  At 150 cm spacing, pigeonpea had significantly higher pod weight per plant (336.17 g).
• positive
  At 150 cm spacing, pigeonpea had significantly higher seed yield recovery percentage (86.58).
• positive
  At 90 cm spacing, pigeonpea had significantly higher seed yield of 22.46 q/ha.
• positive
  At 150 cm spacing, pigeonpea had significantly higher number of pods per plant (297.25).
• positive
  At 150 cm spacing, pigeonpea had significantly higher seed weight per plant (266.17g).

cited by 1 paper here

Effect of planting geometry and nutrients levels on yield, yield attributes and economics of pigeonpea genotypes · 2015

• positive
  The 90 x 30 cm spacing with NP 125% produced higher seed yield than other specified combinations and was comparable to 90 x 30 cm with 100 percent NP.

  compared with 60 x 30 cm with 100 per cent NP

• positive
  The 90 x 30 cm spacing with NP 125% produced higher net returns than other specified combinations and was comparable to 90 x 30 cm with 100 percent NP.

  compared with 60 x 30 cm with 100 per cent NP

Economic advantages of pigeonpea under intercropping and differential cropping geometry · 2016

• positive
  Net return of pigeonpea increased significantly (Rs 37,457/ha) with wider 120 x 30 cm spacing and 1:3 row proportion.
• positive
  Benefit-cost ratio of pigeonpea increased significantly (2.53) with wider 120 x 30 cm spacing and 1:3 row proportion.
• positive
  Income equivalent ratio of pigeonpea increased significantly (1.29) with wider 120 x 30 cm spacing and 1:3 row proportion.
• positive
  Gross return of pigeonpea increased significantly (Rs 61,951/ha) with wider 120 x 30 cm spacing and 1:3 pigeonpea:greengram row proportion.

Effect of Different Genotype and Planting Geometry on Growth and Productivity of Rabi Season Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan L.) · 2017

• positive
  Spacing of 45 cm x 10 cm produced higher seed yield than 60 cm x 10 cm.

  compared with spacing of 60 cm x 10 cm

cites 1 paper here

Influence of density, planting patterns and mulching on yield of- drip irrigated pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp] · 2017

• positive
  Stalk yield was higher with spacing of 180/60 cm × 20 cm paired rows with plastic mulch in pigeonpea

cited by 1 paper here

Genotype, Row Spacing and Environment Interaction for Productivity and Grain Quality of Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) in sub-tropical Australia · 2018

• positive
  Grain yield peaked at 50cm row spacing, reaching 2.9 t/ha.

  compared with 25cm spacing

• negative
  Grain yield declined at 25cm spacing at both sites relative to 50cm.

  compared with 50cm row spacing

cites 1 paper herecited by 1 paper here

Effect of crop geometry and varieties on growth and productivity of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L.) · 2018

• positive
  AL 15 at 60 cm row spacing had significantly better dry matter accumulation and leaf area index than other treatments.

  compared with other treatments

Influence of Spacing and Drip Irrigation on Yield Attributes, Productivity and Economics of Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.) · 2018

• positive
  120x45 cm spacing gave maximum seed yield of 2391 kg ha-1 versus the other spacings.

  compared with 120 x 30 cm and 120 x 60 cm

• positive
  120x45 cm spacing gave maximum net monetary returns of 84565 kg ha-1.

  compared with 120 x 30 cm and 120 x 60 cm

cites 1 paper here

Effect of Different Land Configuration Techniques on Fusarium Wilt of Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.) · 2018

• positive
  Ridge and furrow planting produced more seeds per pod.
• positive
  Ridge and furrow planting produced more branches per plant.
• positive
  Ridge and furrow planting increased straw yield.
• positive
  Ridge and furrow planting increased seed yield.
• positive
  Ridge and furrow planting produced more pods per plant.
• positive
  Ridge and furrow planting increased 100 seed weight.
• positive
  Ridge and furrow planting increased harvest index.

Performance of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.) under different row spacings and genotypes · 2018

• positive
  Wider row spacing (60 cm) had significantly higher seed yield (14.92 q/ha) than other treatments.

  compared with other treatments

Performance of Different Crop Geometry on Yield Advantage Assessment and Economics of Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) + Niger (Guizotia abyssinica Cass.) Intercropping System · 2018

• positive
  In pigeonpea-niger intercropping, 30 cm intra-row spacing yielded more pigeonpea equivalent yield than 45 cm spacing.

  compared with intra row spacing 45 cm

Performance of different crop geometry on yield and economics of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) + niger (Guizotia abyssinica) intercropping system · 2019

• positive
  An intra-row spacing of 30cm yielded more than 45 cm in pigeonpea–niger intercropping.

  compared with intra row spacing 45 cm

Response of Pigeon Pea + Bajra Intercropping Systems under Variable Crop Geometry and Plant Population Level under Rainfed Condition · 2020

• positive
  At 150cm row spacing, 30cm intra-row spacing produced higher pigeonpea equivalent yield than 45 cm.

  compared with intra row spacing 45 cm

• positive
  At 120cm row spacing, 30cm intra-row spacing produced higher pigeonpea equivalent yield than 45 cm.

  compared with intra row spacing 45 cm

Effect of Nipping and Row Spacing on Crop Growth and Productivity of Medium Duration Pigeonpea · 2020

• positive
  The combined 120 cm by 30 cm spacing and nipping at 45 DAS gave maximum grain yield of 1798 kg/ha.

  compared with all treatments except T5

Performance of Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan. L) Varieties under Different Spacings During Rabi Season · 2020

• positive
  Spacing of 60 cm × 10 cm produced higher seed yield than three other spacings.

  compared with 45cm × 10cm

• positive
  60 cm × 10 cm spacing had higher benefit cost ratio of 2.53.

  compared with other tested plant densities

• positive
  60 cm × 10 cm spacing had higher net returns of Rs.46733 ha-1.

  compared with other tested plant densities

• positive
  60 cm × 10 cm spacing had higher gross returns of Rs. 77366 ha-1.

  compared with other tested plant densities

Feasibility and Possibility of Transplanted Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.) under Different Spacing and Nutrient Management Practices · 2020

• positive
  The maximum gross returns were obtained with transplanting at 90 x 40 cm spacing.

cites 1 paper here

Production Potential of Short Duration Red Gram [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] in the Southern Laterites of Kerala · 2021

• positive
  The closer spacing of 40 cm x 20 cm gave significantly the highest seed yield, 1195.00 kg ha-1, in red gram.

Effect of sowing and plant spacing on pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) for higher productivity and profitability in India · 2021

• positive
  Plant spacing at 45 cm × 15 cm gave higher gross returns, 89 (×103 `/ha).
• positive
  Plant spacing at 45 cm × 15 cm gave higher net returns, 59 (×103 `/ha).
• positive
  Plant spacing at 45 cm × 15 cm gave higher seed, stalk and biological yield than spacing at 35 cm × 15 cm.

  compared with plant spacing at 35 cm × 15 cm

Influence of Varieties and Spacings on Growth, Yield Attributes and Productivity of Pigeonpea · 2022

• positive
  At 50 × 25 cm spacing, dry matter accumulation and crop growth rate were significantly higher.

Identifying a viable agro-technique to improve productivity of medium-duration pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) in north-eastern hills zones of India · 2023

• positive
  Early nipping and wider spacing produced 1.15 t/ha yield.
• positive
  Early nipping and wider spacing produced economic returns of 37.89 × 103 `/ha.

Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.) growth and yield with varying spacing and fertilizer · 2023

• positive
  60 cm row spacing was significantly superior to 30 cm spacing for yield and yield attributes.

  compared with 30 cm raw spacing

• no effect
  Branches, leaves and dry matter accumulation followed the plant-height trend of being at par between 30 and 60 cm spacing.

  compared with 60 cm row spacingNo difference from an alternative treatment

Response of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) variety Pusa Arhar 16 to different row spacing and intercropping systems · 2023

• positive
  Seed yield of pigeonpea was significantly higher under narrow 50 × 20 cm spacing (1.41 t/ha) than under wider spacing.

  compared with wider spacing

• positive
  Pigeonpea-equivalent yield was significantly higher under narrow 50 × 20 cm spacing (1.78 t/ha) than under wider spacing.

  compared with wider spacing

Effect of different planting geometry of transplanted pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) as an intercrop in young arecanut (Areca catechu) garden at Southern Transitional Zone of Karnataka, India · 2024

• positive
  The 60 cm × 60 cm spacing ranked next after the 60 cm × 30 cm geometry, with pigeonpea stalk yield of 5,852 kg/ha.

cites 1 paper here

Effect of plant spacing on pigeonpea grain yield in Northern Uganda · 2024

• positive
  Row spacing of 90 cm and inter-plant spacing of 60 cm gave the highest grain yield for all three pigeonpea genotypes, significantly different from the widest spacing.

  compared with row spacing of 150 cm and inter plant spacing of 180 cm

• no effect
  Plant spacing did not significantly affect pods per plant or 100-seed weight of pigeonpea.

cites 2 papers here

Evaluation of Pigeonpea-based Intercropping System for Growth, Productivity, Economics, Available Nutrient and Nutrient Uptake under Alfisols · 2024

• positive
  Paired-row pigeonpea with field bean at 120/60 cm × 30 cm (1:2) spacing recorded the highest stalk yield (4026 kg/ha).
• positive
  Paired-row pigeonpea with field bean at 120/60 cm × 30 cm (1:2) spacing recorded the highest seed yield (1770 kg/ha).

Influence of drip irrigation on growth and yield of pigeon pea · 2025

• positive
  120 x 45 cm spacing gave maximum harvest index and was comparable with 120 x 30 cm.

  compared with 120 x 30 cm spacing

Integrated agronomic practices and their impact on hybrid pigeonpea productivity · 2025

• positive
  Individual plant yield was highest at 120 × 120 cm spacing.
• positive
  Per-hectare mean seed yield was 23.6% higher at 100 × 100 cm than 120 × 120 cm.

  compared with 120 × 120 cm

Agronomic and economic investigation of spatial arrangement and companion crops in pigeonpea based intercropping system in Alfisols · 2026

• positive
  Paired rows raised seed yield to 1483 kg ha-1.

  compared with normal row planting

• positive
  Paired rows raised stalk yield to 3449 kg ha-1.

  compared with normal row planting

• positive
  Paired rows raised pod number to 130.90 per plant.

  compared with normal row planting

• positive
  Paired rows raised seed yield per plant to 40.45 g plant-1.

  compared with normal row planting

• positive
  Paired rows raised branch number to 15.61 per plant.

  compared with normal row planting

• positive
  Paired rows raised pod yield per plant to 105.25 g plant-1.

  compared with normal row planting