Abstract
Crop growth and production are limited by various environmental stresses, of which salinity and drought are the major abiotic stresses worldwide. This research was conducted to compare the ameliorating effects of silica and nano silica on maize for enhancing growth, photosynthetic efficiency, antioxidant activity, and nutrient acquisition under saline irrigation and deficit water conditions. Ionic homeostasis and ion translocation were determined to examine the response mechanisms of plants to exogenous silica fertilization. The results showed the beneficial effects of silica and nano silica (50 mg kg−1 each) in improving the plant growth and vigor plants under stress environments. Silica and nano silica increased plant height by 37%, leaf area by 68%, and fresh and dry weights by 37% and 178%, respectively, while there was no significant difference between them. They also enhanced plant photosynthetic efficiency, antioxidant enzymatic activity, and nutrient contents while decreased electrolyte leakage by 37%, implying decreased sodium toxicity in plant tissues. As compared to silica, nano silica was proved better in most of the parameters examined. In addition, the application of silica and nano silica increased the concentrations of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in maize leaf by 57%, 35%, and 34%, respectively, and enhanced Ca2+ and Mg2+ translocation from root to the stem by limiting Na+ translocation. Compared to silica, nano silica exhibited slightly higher values. Our findings suggest that salinity and drought combined stress can be minimized by the soil applied silica and especially nano silica fertilizer in crops for improving plant growth and grain yields.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Silica and nano silica improved growth and vigor under stress.
- Treatment
- silica and nano silica (50 mg kg−1 each)e0
- Outcome
- plant growth and vigore0
- Direction
- improvinge0
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize ( Zea Mays L.)”
e0“beneficial effects of silica and nano silica (50 mg kg−1 each) in improving the plant growth and vigor plants under stress environments”
Claim · model-written summary
Silica and nano silica increased plant height by 37%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize ( Zea Mays L.)”
e0“Silica and nano silica increased plant height by 37%”
Claim · model-written summary
Silica and nano silica increased leaf area by 68%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize ( Zea Mays L.)”
e0“Silica and nano silica increased plant height by 37%, leaf area by 68%”
Claim · model-written summary
Silica and nano silica increased fresh weight by 37%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize ( Zea Mays L.)”
e0“Silica and nano silica increased plant height by 37%, leaf area by 68%, and fresh and dry weights by 37% and 178%”
Claim · model-written summary
Silica and nano silica increased dry weight by 178%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize ( Zea Mays L.)”
e0“Silica and nano silica increased plant height by 37%, leaf area by 68%, and fresh and dry weights by 37% and 178%”
Claim · model-written summary
Silica and nano silica did not differ significantly for the listed growth measurements.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize ( Zea Mays L.)”
e0“there was no significant difference between them”
Claim · model-written summary
Silica and nano silica enhanced photosynthetic efficiency and antioxidant enzymatic activity.
- Treatment
- Silica and Nano Silica Particlest1
- Outcome
- plant photosynthetic efficiency, antioxidant enzymatic activitye0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize ( Zea Mays L.)”
t1“Silica and Nano Silica Particles Improves Nutrient Acquisition and Growth of Maize ( Zea Mays L.)”
e0“They also enhanced plant photosynthetic efficiency, antioxidant enzymatic activity”
Claim · model-written summary
Silica and nano silica enhanced nutrient contents.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Silica and Nano Silica Particles Improves Nutrient Acquisition and Growth of Maize ( Zea Mays L.)”
e0“They also enhanced plant photosynthetic efficiency, antioxidant enzymatic activity, and nutrient contents”
Claim · model-written summary
Silica and nano silica decreased electrolyte leakage by 37%.
- Treatment
- Silica and Nano Silica Particlest0
- Outcome
- electrolyte leakagee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 37%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Silica and Nano Silica Particles Improves Nutrient Acquisition and Growth of Maize ( Zea Mays L.)”
e0“decreased electrolyte leakage by 37%”
Claim · model-written summary
Nano silica performed better than silica for most examined parameters.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize ( Zea Mays L.)”
e0“As compared to silica, nano silica was proved better in most of the parameters examined”
Claim · model-written summary
Silica and nano silica increased maize leaf carbon concentration by 57%.
- Organ / stage
- leafe0
- Treatment
- silica and nano silicae0
- Outcome
- concentrations of carbone0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 57%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of silica and nano silica increased the concentrations of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in maize leaf by 57%, 35%, and 34%”
Claim · model-written summary
Silica and nano silica increased maize leaf nitrogen concentration by 35%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of silica and nano silica increased the concentrations of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in maize leaf by 57%, 35%, and 34%”
Claim · model-written summary
Silica and nano silica increased maize leaf phosphorus concentration by 34%.
- Organ / stage
- leafe0
- Treatment
- silica and nano silicae0
- Outcome
- phosphoruse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 34%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of silica and nano silica increased the concentrations of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in maize leaf by 57%, 35%, and 34%”
Claim · model-written summary
Silica and nano silica enhanced calcium and magnesium translocation from root to stem.
- Organ / stage
- root to the steme0
- Treatment
- silica and nano silicae1
- Outcome
- Ca2+ and Mg2+ translocatione0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize ( Zea Mays L.)”
e0“enhanced Ca2+ and Mg2+ translocation from root to the stem by limiting Na+ translocation”
e1“beneficial effects of silica and nano silica (50 mg kg−1 each) in improving the plant growth and vigor plants under stress environments”
Claim · model-written summary
Silica and nano silica limited sodium translocation.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize ( Zea Mays L.)”
e0“enhanced Ca2+ and Mg2+ translocation from root to the stem by limiting Na+ translocation”
e1“beneficial effects of silica and nano silica (50 mg kg−1 each) in improving the plant growth and vigor plants under stress environments”
Claim · model-written summary
Nano silica gave slightly higher values than silica.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize ( Zea Mays L.)”
e0“Compared to silica, nano silica exhibited slightly higher values”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest soil applied silica, especially nano silica, to minimize combined salinity and drought stress and improve growth and grain yield.
- Outcome
- soil applied silica and especially nano silica fertilizere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize ( Zea Mays L.)”
e0“salinity and drought combined stress can be minimized by the soil applied silica and especially nano silica fertilizer in crops for improving plant growth and grain yields”
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See all 39 papers →8 of 11 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.