Abstract
Iron (Fe) nanoparticles (NPs), with 30–40 nm diameter, were stabilized on sand. The resulting synthesized Fe/SiO2 NPs, with different Fe contents (0–25 mg kg−1) were employed as fertilizers in probing the mean germination time (MGT), growth and dry matter of barley and maize and their comparison with common Fe/SiO2 in a completely randomized design (CRD) experiment. The results showed that our fertilizers had significant effects on MGT, with the lowest of 0.58 day for barley and 0.79 day for maize; at 15 and 5 mg kg−1 nano Fe/SiO2, respectively. Application of 15 mg kg−1 of nano Fe/SiO2 increased the shoot length: 8.25% and 20.8% for barley and maize, respectively. However, the concentration of 25 mg kg−1 had a negative impact on shoot length in barley. Increasing the concentrations of both nano and common Fe/SiO2 particles, increased the root lengths in both plants, however this increase was higher with the application of nano Fe/SiO2. Likewise, seedling length enlarged with the concentration increase of both Fe/SiO2 particles and was more pronounced with nano Fe/SiO2. The application of nano Fe/SiO2 was more effective compared with the common Fe/SiO2 in encouraging barley and maize growth. The positive impact was higher in maize than barley.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Barley mean germination time reached 0.58 day under 15 mg kg−1 nano Fe/SiO2.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“barley and maize”
e0“the lowest of 0.58 day for barley and 0.79 day for maize; at 15 and 5 mg kg−1 nano Fe/SiO2, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize mean germination time reached 0.79 day under 5 mg kg−1 nano Fe/SiO2.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the lowest of 0.58 day for barley and 0.79 day for maize; at 15 and 5 mg kg−1 nano Fe/SiO2, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Nano Fe/SiO2 at 15 mg kg−1 increased barley shoot length by 8.25%.
- Taxon
- barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaree0 - Treatment
- 15 mg kg−1 of nano Fe/SiO2e0
- Outcome
- shoot lengthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 8.25%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of 15 mg kg−1 of nano Fe/SiO2 increased the shoot length: 8.25% and 20.8% for barley and maize, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Nano Fe/SiO2 at 15 mg kg−1 increased maize shoot length by 20.8%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of 15 mg kg−1 of nano Fe/SiO2 increased the shoot length: 8.25% and 20.8% for barley and maize, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The 25 mg kg−1 concentration adversely affected barley shoot length.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- concentration of 25 mg kg−1e0
- Outcome
- shoot lengthe0
- Direction
- negative impacte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the concentration of 25 mg kg−1 had a negative impact on shoot length in barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing nano and common Fe/SiO2 concentrations increased root length in barley and maize.
- Taxon
- barley and maizeHordeum vulgare
Zea mayst0 - Treatment
- nano and common Fe/SiO2 particlese0
- Outcome
- root lengthse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing the concentrations of both nano and common Fe/SiO2 particles, increased the root lengths in both plants”
t0“barley and maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Nano Fe/SiO2 produced a greater root length increase than common Fe/SiO2.
- Taxon
- barley and maizeHordeum vulgareZea mayst0
- Treatment
- nano Fe/SiO2e0
- Outcome
- increasee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- common Fe/SiO2 particlese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this increase was higher with the application of nano Fe/SiO2”
e1“both nano and common Fe/SiO2 particles”
t0“barley and maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Seedling length increased as concentrations of both Fe/SiO2 particle types increased.
- Taxon
- barley and maizeHordeum vulgareZea mayst0
- Treatment
- both Fe/SiO2 particlese0
- Outcome
- seedling lengthe0
- Direction
- enlargede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seedling length enlarged with the concentration increase of both Fe/SiO2 particles”
t0“barley and maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Nano Fe/SiO2 produced a more pronounced seedling length response than common Fe/SiO2.
- Taxon
- barley and maizeHordeum vulgareZea mayst0
- Treatment
- nano Fe/SiO2e0
- Outcome
- more pronouncede0
- Direction
- more pronouncede0
- Comparator
- both Fe/SiO2 particlese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“was more pronounced with nano Fe/SiO2”
e1“both Fe/SiO2 particles”
t0“barley and maize”
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