Paper · 2025 · Agrobiotechnologies and digital farming

INFLUENCE OF LIQUID ORGANOMINERAL FERTILIZERS ON YIELD, QUALITY OF GRAIN PRODUCTION OF CORN AND THE DYNAMICS OF NUTRIENT REMOVAL FROM THE SOIL

Andrey Ziganshin; Radik Safin

13
claims
35
verbatim quotes
0
citations
2
research areas
✓
Open access

Abstract

The article presents the research materials on assessing the effect of liquid organomineral fertilizers on the productivity indicators of grain corn. The studies were conducted in 2022-2024 in Kama zone of the Republic of Tatarstan on gray forest soil. Experimental design: 1) control - without fertilizers; 2) application of BATR 40N at a dose of 4 l/ha in the phase of six true leaves of the crop; 3) application of a tank mixture of BATR 40N at a dose of 4 l/ha + BATR Zn at a dose of 1 l/ha in the phase of six true leaves of the crop. The object of research is DKS 3006 corn hybrid. The soil of the experimental plot: humus content is 3.5...4.7% (according to Tyurin), mobile phosphorus (according to Kirsanov) - 140...155 mg / kg and exchangeable potassium (according to Kirsanov) - 112...120 mg / kg of soil, pH (salt extract) - 5.3-6.6. The experiment was repeated 3 times, the plots were placed systematically, the area of each plot was 126 m2. The weather and climatic conditions during the years of research turned out to be contrasting - 2022 was favorable (HTC 1.3), 2023 and 2024 were droughty (HTC 0.8 and 0.9, respectively). Foliar feeding contributed to an increase in yield (the average increase over the years of research was 3.9-10.7 c/ha), improved quality (starch content increased by 2-4.4%, nitrogen content in grain by 0.1-0.14%). The greatest effect was achieved with the use of a mixture of fertilizers BATR 40N at a dose of 4 l/ha + BATR Zn at a dose of 1 l/ha. On average, over the years of research, the yield increase was 10.7 c/ha, the starch content increased by 4.4%, and the grain weight per cob by 15.56 g (due to an increase in the number of grains and the thousand-grain weight). The average NPK content in grain, depending on the variant, was: nitrogen 1.03-1.17%, phosphorus – 0.3-0.39%, potassium – 0.32-0.35%. The average removal of nitrogen was 202.6-246.5 kg/ha, phosphorus 66.4-77.6 kg/ha, potassium – 318.7-363.2 kg/ha.

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Claims 13

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Foliar feeding with liquid organomineral fertilizer increased corn yield by 3.9-10.7 c/ha on average over the years of research.

Treatment
Foliar feedinge0
Outcome
yielde0
Direction
increasee0
Value
3.9-10.7 c/hae0
Comparator
without fertilizerse1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“GRAIN PRODUCTION OF CORN”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 67–91 · show in text ↑
e0

“Foliar feeding contributed to an increase in yield (the average increase over the years of research was 3.9-10.7 c/ha)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1141–1259 · show in text ↑
e1

“without fertilizers”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 287–306 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Foliar feeding increased starch content in corn grain by 2-4.4%.

Treatment
Foliar feedinge0
Outcome
starch contente1
Direction
increasede1
Value
2-4.4%e1
Comparator
without fertilizerse2

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“GRAIN PRODUCTION OF CORN”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 67–91 · show in text ↑
e0

“Foliar feeding contributed to an increase in yield (the average increase over the years of research was 3.9-10.7 c/ha)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1141–1259 · show in text ↑
e1

“improved quality (starch content increased by 2-4.4%, nitrogen content in grain by 0.1-0.14%)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1261–1354 · show in text ↑
e2

“without fertilizers”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 287–306 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Foliar feeding increased nitrogen content in corn grain by 0.1-0.14%.

Treatment
Foliar feedinge0
Outcome
nitrogen content in graine1
Direction
increaseinferrede1
Value
0.1-0.14%e1
Comparator
without fertilizerse2

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“GRAIN PRODUCTION OF CORN”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 67–91 · show in text ↑
e0

“Foliar feeding contributed to an increase in yield (the average increase over the years of research was 3.9-10.7 c/ha)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1141–1259 · show in text ↑
e1

“improved quality (starch content increased by 2-4.4%, nitrogen content in grain by 0.1-0.14%)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1261–1354 · show in text ↑
e2

“without fertilizers”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 287–306 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The mixture of BATR 40N and BATR Zn gave the greatest effect among the corn fertilizer treatments.

Treatment
BATR 40N at a dose of 4 l/ha + BATR Zn at a dose of 1 l/hae0
Outcome
effecte0
Direction
greateste0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“GRAIN PRODUCTION OF CORN”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 67–91 · show in text ↑
e0

“The greatest effect was achieved with the use of a mixture of fertilizers BATR 40N at a dose of 4 l/ha + BATR Zn at a dose of 1 l/ha”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1356–1488 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The BATR 40N and BATR Zn mixture increased corn yield by 10.7 c/ha on average over the years of research.

Treatment
BATR 40N at a dose of 4 l/ha + BATR Zn at a dose of 1 l/hae0
Outcome
yielde1
Direction
increasee1
Value
10.7 c/hae1

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“GRAIN PRODUCTION OF CORN”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 67–91 · show in text ↑
e0

“The greatest effect was achieved with the use of a mixture of fertilizers BATR 40N at a dose of 4 l/ha + BATR Zn at a dose of 1 l/ha”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1356–1488 · show in text ↑
e1

“the yield increase was 10.7 c/ha, the starch content increased by 4.4%, and the grain weight per cob by 15.56 g”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1530–1641 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The BATR 40N and BATR Zn mixture increased starch content in corn grain by 4.4%.

Treatment
BATR 40N at a dose of 4 l/ha + BATR Zn at a dose of 1 l/hae0
Outcome
starch contente1
Direction
increasede1
Value
4.4%e1

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“GRAIN PRODUCTION OF CORN”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 67–91 · show in text ↑
e0

“The greatest effect was achieved with the use of a mixture of fertilizers BATR 40N at a dose of 4 l/ha + BATR Zn at a dose of 1 l/ha”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1356–1488 · show in text ↑
e1

“the yield increase was 10.7 c/ha, the starch content increased by 4.4%, and the grain weight per cob by 15.56 g”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1530–1641 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The BATR 40N and BATR Zn mixture increased grain weight per cob by 15.56 g, due to more grains and a higher thousand-grain weight.

Treatment
BATR 40N at a dose of 4 l/ha + BATR Zn at a dose of 1 l/hae0
Outcome
grain weight per cobe1
Direction
increaseinferrede1
Value
15.56 ge1
Qualifier
due to an increase in the number of grains and the thousand-grain weighte2

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“GRAIN PRODUCTION OF CORN”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 67–91 · show in text ↑
e0

“The greatest effect was achieved with the use of a mixture of fertilizers BATR 40N at a dose of 4 l/ha + BATR Zn at a dose of 1 l/ha”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1356–1488 · show in text ↑
e1

“the yield increase was 10.7 c/ha, the starch content increased by 4.4%, and the grain weight per cob by 15.56 g”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1530–1641 · show in text ↑
e2

“due to an increase in the number of grains and the thousand-grain weight”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1643–1715 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The average nitrogen content in corn grain was 1.03-1.17% depending on the fertilizer variant.

Organ / stage
graine0
Outcome
nitrogene0
Value
1.03-1.17%e0
Qualifier
depending on the variante0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“GRAIN PRODUCTION OF CORN”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 67–91 · show in text ↑
e0

“The average NPK content in grain, depending on the variant, was: nitrogen 1.03-1.17%, phosphorus – 0.3-0.39%, potassium – 0.32-0.35%”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1718–1850 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The average phosphorus content in corn grain was 0.3-0.39% depending on the fertilizer variant.

Organ / stage
graine0
Outcome
phosphoruse0
Value
0.3-0.39%e0
Qualifier
depending on the variante0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“GRAIN PRODUCTION OF CORN”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 67–91 · show in text ↑
e0

“The average NPK content in grain, depending on the variant, was: nitrogen 1.03-1.17%, phosphorus – 0.3-0.39%, potassium – 0.32-0.35%”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1718–1850 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The average potassium content in corn grain was 0.32-0.35% depending on the fertilizer variant.

Organ / stage
graine0
Outcome
potassiume0
Value
0.32-0.35%e0
Qualifier
depending on the variante0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“GRAIN PRODUCTION OF CORN”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 67–91 · show in text ↑
e0

“The average NPK content in grain, depending on the variant, was: nitrogen 1.03-1.17%, phosphorus – 0.3-0.39%, potassium – 0.32-0.35%”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1718–1850 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The average removal of nitrogen by corn was 202.6-246.5 kg/ha.

Outcome
removal of nitrogene0
Value
202.6-246.5 kg/hae0
Qualifier
averagee0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“GRAIN PRODUCTION OF CORN”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 67–91 · show in text ↑
e0

“The average removal of nitrogen was 202.6-246.5 kg/ha, phosphorus 66.4-77.6 kg/ha, potassium – 318.7-363.2 kg/ha”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1852–1964 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The average removal of phosphorus by corn was 66.4-77.6 kg/ha.

Outcome
phosphoruse0
Value
66.4-77.6 kg/hae0
Qualifier
average removale0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“GRAIN PRODUCTION OF CORN”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 67–91 · show in text ↑
e0

“The average removal of nitrogen was 202.6-246.5 kg/ha, phosphorus 66.4-77.6 kg/ha, potassium – 318.7-363.2 kg/ha”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1852–1964 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The average removal of potassium by corn was 318.7-363.2 kg/ha.

Outcome
potassiume0
Value
318.7-363.2 kg/hae0
Qualifier
average removale0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“GRAIN PRODUCTION OF CORN”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 67–91 · show in text ↑
e0

“The average removal of nitrogen was 202.6-246.5 kg/ha, phosphorus 66.4-77.6 kg/ha, potassium – 318.7-363.2 kg/ha”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1852–1964 · show in text ↑

zinc atom · yield · Zea mays (maize)Results differ

441 papers: 391 positive, 50 negative or no effect

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12 papers: 12 positive, 0 negative or no effect

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micronutrient · yield · Zea mays (maize)Results differ

80 papers: 73 positive, 7 negative or no effect

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micronutrient · nutrient: content · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results

15 papers: 14 positive, 1 negative or no effect

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micronutrient · quality: sugar starch · Zea mays (maize)Results agree

5 papers: 5 positive, 0 negative or no effect

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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.