Abstract
Summary The influence of the foliar application of the mineral nutrients phosphorus and potassium on the photosynthesis and leaf and bark carbohydrates (sorbitol, sucrose, fructose and glucose) was studied in Malus domestica [ M. pumila ] cv. 'Golden Delicious'. The research was done on 12-year-old trees on M9 rootstocks (unpicked or picked trees either sprayed or not with the PK fertilizer Hascon M 10 AD) in the year 2000 in Slovenia. Measurements of photosynthesis showed high photosynthetic activity (A 350 ) and photosynthetic capacity (A 2000 ) of apple trees in the late season. Results of the measurements of photosynthetic activity indicate that sink regulation of apple leaf photosynthesis was dependent on the fertilization treatment. Photosynthesis measured at 350 ppm was the highest in the PK sprayed unpicked trees and the lowest in the PK sprayed trees without the crop. The sink removal effect was not observable two days after fruit picking, but was significant 5 and 20 days later. All trees showed a high photosynthetic capacity which decreased slowly until the end of October. The onset of senescence could be seen also from the foliar phosphorus content. Eight days after fruit removal trees without fruits showed significantly higher contents of sorbitol, sucrose, and fructose in the leaves. Sink dependent translocation of carbohydrates can be seen from the analyses of bark carbohydrates as well. The unpicked trees sprayed with PK had a significantly lower content of sorbitol and high photosynthetic rate when compared to the sprayed and picked trees. Nutritional dependency on sink/source effect could not be supported by foliar analyses.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Apple trees retained high photosynthetic activity late in the season.
- Taxon
- apple trees
Malus domesticae0 - Outcome
- photosynthetic activitye0
- Qualifier
- late seasone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Measurements of photosynthesis showed high photosynthetic activity (A 350 ) and photosynthetic capacity (A 2000 ) of apple trees in the late season”
Claim · model-written summary
Apple trees retained high photosynthetic capacity late in the season.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticae0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic capacitye0
- Qualifier
- late seasone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“high photosynthetic activity (A 350 ) and photosynthetic capacity (A 2000 ) of apple trees in the late season”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilization modified sink regulation of apple leaf photosynthesis.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- fertilization treatmente0
- Outcome
- leaf photosynthesise0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sink regulation of apple leaf photosynthesis was dependent on the fertilization treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
PK-sprayed unpicked trees had the highest photosynthesis at 350 ppm.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- PK sprayed unpickede0
- Outcome
- Photosynthesis measured at 350 ppme0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Photosynthesis measured at 350 ppm was the highest in the PK sprayed unpicked trees”
t0“apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
PK-sprayed trees without fruit had the lowest photosynthesis at 350 ppm.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- PK sprayed trees without the crope0
- Outcome
- Photosynthesis measured at 350 ppme0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Comparator
- PK sprayed unpicked treese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Photosynthesis measured at 350 ppm was the highest in the PK sprayed unpicked trees and the lowest in the PK sprayed trees without the crop”
t0“apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Sink removal had no observable effect two days after fruit picking.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- fruit pickinge0
- Outcome
- sink removal effecte0
- Direction
- not observablee0
- Qualifier
- two days after fruit pickinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The sink removal effect was not observable two days after fruit picking”
t0“apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Sink removal had a significant effect 5 and 20 days after fruit picking.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- pickingt0
- Outcome
- sink removal effecte1
- Qualifier
- 5 and 20 days latere0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but was significant 5 and 20 days later”
t0“apple trees - the effects of picking and fertilisation treatment”
e1“The sink removal effect was not observable two days after fruit picking”
Claim · model-written summary
High photosynthetic capacity decreased slowly through October.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic capacitye0
- Direction
- decreased slowlye0
- Qualifier
- until the end of Octobere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All trees showed a high photosynthetic capacity which decreased slowly until the end of October”
t0“apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar phosphorus content also indicated onset of senescence.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Organ / stage
- foliare0
- Outcome
- onset of senescencee0
- Qualifier
- phosphorus contente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The onset of senescence could be seen also from the foliar phosphorus content”
t0“apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit removal increased leaf sorbitol significantly after eight days.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- fruit removale0
- Outcome
- contents of sorbitole0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- Eight days after fruit removale0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Eight days after fruit removal trees without fruits showed significantly higher contents of sorbitol, sucrose, and fructose in the leaves”
t0“apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit removal increased leaf sucrose significantly after eight days.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- fruit removale0
- Outcome
- sucrosee0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Eight days after fruit removal trees without fruits showed significantly higher contents of sorbitol, sucrose, and fructose in the leaves”
t0“apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit removal increased leaf fructose significantly after eight days.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- fruit removale0
- Outcome
- fructosee0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Eight days after fruit removal trees without fruits showed significantly higher contents of sorbitol, sucrose, and fructose in the leaves”
t0“apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Bark carbohydrate analyses indicated sink-dependent carbohydrate translocation.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Organ / stage
- barke0
- Outcome
- Sink dependent translocation of carbohydratese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sink dependent translocation of carbohydrates can be seen from the analyses of bark carbohydrates as well”
t0“apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
PK-sprayed unpicked trees had significantly less bark sorbitol than sprayed picked trees.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Organ / stage
- barke1
- Treatment
- unpicked trees sprayed with PKe0
- Outcome
- content of sorbitole0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- sprayed and picked treese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The unpicked trees sprayed with PK had a significantly lower content of sorbitol and high photosynthetic rate when compared to the sprayed and picked trees”
t0“apple trees”
e1“analyses of bark carbohydrates as well”
Claim · model-written summary
PK-sprayed unpicked trees had high photosynthetic rate compared with sprayed picked trees.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- unpicked trees sprayed with PKe0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic ratee0
- Direction
- highe0
- Comparator
- sprayed and picked treese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The unpicked trees sprayed with PK had a significantly lower content of sorbitol and high photosynthetic rate when compared to the sprayed and picked trees”
t0“apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar analysis did not support a nutritional dependence of the sink/source effect.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- Nutritional dependency on sink/source effecte0
- Direction
- could not be supportede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nutritional dependency on sink/source effect could not be supported by foliar analyses”
t0“apple trees”
The same questions in other papers
application · physiology: photosynthesis · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
8 papers in the same direction as this paper · 12 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- no effect
17 papers more in this group
See all 21 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.