Abstract
Ethylene influences various physiological processes especially seed germination in plants. Through this study of ethylene on peanut seed germination, we found that soaking seeds in a 0.2 mM ethylene solution for 12 h, followed by water soaking, optimally promotes germination. To understand the mechanisms involved, we measured abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellins (GA), crude fat, and 18 fatty acids using GC-MS and also analyzed gene expression related to hormone pathways, fatty acid degradation, and cell wall loosening in both control and ethylene-treated seeds. Our results showed that ethylene significantly increased GA3 and GA4 expression levels, induced endogenous ethylene synthesis and signal transduction, and interfered with ABA signaling. Ethylene also enhanced fatty acid degradation and facilitated cell wall loosening. Notably, genes involved in these processes, such as the ethylene synthesis rate-limiting gene ACO, the ethylene receptor ETR, and cell wall loosening genes EXP and PEC, were significantly upregulated by ethylene treatment. In contrast, the abscisic acid-insensitive ABI5 was significantly downregulated after ethylene treatment. Further experiments confirmed that ethylene promoted the expression of three ERFs, which could bind to the promoter of ABI5 and inhibit its expression. This study is also the first to identify ethylene's role in promoting fatty acid degradation in peanut seeds. In conclusion, our findings reveal that ethylene enhances peanut seed germination through hormonal modulation, signal transduction enhancement, and metabolic adjustments. These insights provide a deeper understanding of ethylene's role in seed germination and offer potential applications for improving germination practices in agriculture.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Soaking peanut seeds in 0.2 mM ethylene for 12 h followed by water optimally promoted germination.
- Taxon
- peanut
Arachis hypogaeae1 - Treatment
- soaking seeds in a 0.2 mM ethylene solution for 12 h, followed by water soakinge0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- promotese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soaking seeds in a 0.2 mM ethylene solution for 12 h, followed by water soaking, optimally promotes germination”
e1“this study of ethylene on peanut seed germination”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene significantly increased GA3 and GA4 expression levels.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae1
- Treatment
- ethylenee0
- Outcome
- GA3 and GA4 expression levelse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ethylene significantly increased GA3 and GA4 expression levels”
e1“this study of ethylene on peanut seed germination”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene induced endogenous ethylene synthesis.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae2
- Treatment
- ethylenee1
- Outcome
- endogenous ethylene synthesise0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“induced endogenous ethylene synthesis and signal transduction”
e1“ethylene significantly increased”
e2“this study of ethylene on peanut seed germination”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene induced signal transduction.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae2
- Treatment
- ethylenee1
- Outcome
- signal transductione0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“induced endogenous ethylene synthesis and signal transduction”
e1“ethylene significantly increased”
e2“this study of ethylene on peanut seed germination”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene interfered with ABA signaling.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae2
- Treatment
- ethylenee1
- Outcome
- ABA signalinge0
- Direction
- interferede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“interfered with ABA signaling”
e1“ethylene significantly increased”
e2“this study of ethylene on peanut seed germination”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene enhanced fatty acid degradation.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae1
- Treatment
- Ethylenee0
- Outcome
- fatty acid degradatione0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ethylene also enhanced fatty acid degradation”
e1“this study of ethylene on peanut seed germination”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene facilitated cell wall loosening.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae1
- Treatment
- Ethylenee0
- Outcome
- cell wall looseninge0
- Direction
- facilitatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ethylene also enhanced fatty acid degradation and facilitated cell wall loosening”
e1“this study of ethylene on peanut seed germination”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene significantly upregulated the ACO gene.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae1
- Treatment
- ethylene treatmente0
- Gene
- ACOe0
- Outcome
- upregulatede0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the ethylene synthesis rate-limiting gene ACO, the ethylene receptor ETR, and cell wall loosening genes EXP and PEC, were significantly upregulated by ethylene treatment”
e1“peanut seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene significantly upregulated the ETR gene.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae1
- Treatment
- ethylene treatmente0
- Gene
- ETRe0
- Outcome
- upregulatede0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the ethylene synthesis rate-limiting gene ACO, the ethylene receptor ETR, and cell wall loosening genes EXP and PEC, were significantly upregulated by ethylene treatment”
e1“peanut seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene significantly upregulated EXP.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae1
- Treatment
- ethylene treatmente0
- Gene
- EXPe0
- Outcome
- upregulatede0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cell wall loosening genes EXP and PEC, were significantly upregulated by ethylene treatment”
e1“peanut seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene significantly upregulated PEC.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae1
- Treatment
- ethylene treatmente0
- Gene
- PECe0
- Outcome
- upregulatede0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cell wall loosening genes EXP and PEC, were significantly upregulated by ethylene treatment”
e1“peanut seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene significantly downregulated ABI5.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae1
- Treatment
- ethylene treatmente0
- Gene
- ABI5e0
- Outcome
- ABI5e0
- Direction
- downregulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the abscisic acid-insensitive ABI5 was significantly downregulated after ethylene treatment”
e1“peanut seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene promoted expression of three ERFs.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae1
- Treatment
- ethylenee0
- Gene
- ERFse0
- Outcome
- expression of three ERFse0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ethylene promoted the expression of three ERFs”
e1“peanut seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
The ERFs could bind the ABI5 promoter.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae1
- Gene
- three ERFse0
- Outcome
- bind to the promoter of ABI5e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“three ERFs, which could bind to the promoter of ABI5 and inhibit its expression”
e1“peanut seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
The ERFs could inhibit ABI5 expression.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae1
- Gene
- three ERFse0
- Outcome
- inhibit its expressione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“three ERFs, which could bind to the promoter of ABI5 and inhibit its expression”
e1“peanut seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors attribute ethylene-enhanced peanut germination to hormonal, signaling, and metabolic changes.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae0
- Outcome
- seed germinatione0
- Qualifier
- hormonal modulation, signal transduction enhancement, and metabolic adjustmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ethylene enhances peanut seed germination through hormonal modulation, signal transduction enhancement, and metabolic adjustments”
The same questions in other papers
ethene · molecular: expression · Arachis hypogaea (peanut)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
ethene · physiology: hormones · Arachis hypogaea (peanut)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
ethene · growth · Arachis hypogaea (peanut)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
application · growth · Arachis hypogaea (peanut)Positive and negative results
61 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- negative
64 papers more in this group
See all 68 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.