Abstract
Blue light serves as a critical environmental cue regulating Glycine max (soybean) stem morphology, yet the hormonal mechanisms underlying varietal differences remain unclear. Previous studies have highlighted the role of blue light in modulating plant architecture, but the specific hormone interactions driving morphological divergence between soybean varieties remain underexplored. Two soybean varieties with contrasting stem phenotypes—Henong 60 (HN60, tall) and Heinong 48 (HN48, dwarf)—were subjected to 0% (full light) and 30% (shade) transmittance conditions, supplemented with blue light (450 nm, 45.07 ± 0.03 μmol·m−2·s−1). Stem anatomical traits (xylem area, cell length), hormone profiles, and proteomic changes were analyzed. Grey correlation analysis quantified relationships between hormone ratios and plant height. Blue light increased soybean stem xylem area and diameter while reducing plant height and cell longitudinal length. This treatment concurrently reduced growth-promoting hormones (gibberellin A3 (GA3), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), brassinolide (BR)) and increased growth-inhibiting hormones (salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), strigolactones (SLs)), thereby inhibiting stem elongation. Although exogenous GA3 promoted hypocotyl elongation, it failed to counteract blue-light-induced inhibition. Proteomic analysis identified 16 differentially expressed proteins involved in hormone signal transduction pathways. Grey correlation analysis highlighted cultivar-specific hormone ratio impacts: GA3/JA, GA3/SA, and BR/SLs significantly influenced HN60 plant height, while GA3/SLs, IAA/SLs, and BR/SLs were critical for HN48, demonstrating highly significant positive correlations. The differential sensitivity of growth-promoting/inhibiting hormone ratios to blue light drives varietal morphological divergence in soybean stems. This study establishes a hormonal regulatory framework for blue-light-mediated stem architecture, offering insights for crop improvement under light-limited environments.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Blue light increased soybean stem xylem area and diameter.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Organ / stage
- steme0
- Treatment
- Blue lighte0
- Outcome
- stem xylem area and diametere0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Blue light increased soybean stem xylem area and diameter while reducing plant height and cell longitudinal length.”
Claim · model-written summary
Blue light reduced soybean plant height and cell longitudinal length.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Blue lighte0
- Outcome
- plant height and cell longitudinal lengthe0
- Direction
- reducinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Blue light increased soybean stem xylem area and diameter while reducing plant height and cell longitudinal length.”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous GA3 promoted hypocotyl elongation.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- exogenous GA3e0
- Outcome
- hypocotyl elongatione0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Although exogenous GA3 promoted hypocotyl elongation, it failed to counteract blue-light-induced inhibition.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous GA3 failed to counteract inhibition by blue light.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- exogenous GA3e0
- Outcome
- blue-light-induced inhibitione0
- Direction
- failed to counteracte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Although exogenous GA3 promoted hypocotyl elongation, it failed to counteract blue-light-induced inhibition.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Proteomics identified 16 differentially expressed proteins in hormone signal transduction pathways.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- differentially expressed proteinse0
- Value
- 16e0
- Qualifier
- hormone signal transduction pathwayse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Proteomic analysis identified 16 differentially expressed proteins involved in hormone signal transduction pathways.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
GA3/JA, GA3/SA and BR/SLs significantly influenced HN60 plant height.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- HN60e0
- Compound
- GA3/JA, GA3/SA, and BR/SLse0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GA3/JA, GA3/SA, and BR/SLs significantly influenced HN60 plant height”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
GA3/SLs, IAA/SLs and BR/SLs had highly significant positive correlations with HN48 plant height.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- HN48e0
- Compound
- GA3/SLs, IAA/SLs, and BR/SLse0
- Outcome
- plant heighte1
- Direction
- positive correlationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GA3/SLs, IAA/SLs, and BR/SLs were critical for HN48, demonstrating highly significant positive correlations.”
e1“Grey correlation analysis highlighted cultivar-specific hormone ratio impacts: GA3/JA, GA3/SA, and BR/SLs significantly influenced HN60 plant height”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Differential sensitivity of hormone ratios to blue light drives varietal stem morphology differences.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- varietal morphological divergencee0
- Qualifier
- differential sensitivity of growth-promoting/inhibiting hormone ratios to blue lighte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The differential sensitivity of growth-promoting/inhibiting hormone ratios to blue light drives varietal morphological divergence in soybean stems.”
The same questions in other papers
Gibberellic acid · growth · Glycine max (soybean)Results differ
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- no effect
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1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.