Abstract
Biochar used lately as soil quality improver for nutritional, microbiological and physical properties.Under middle Nil delta alluvial clay soils conditions, during winter growing seasons of 2021/2022 and 2022/2023, a field experiment was conducted at El-Gemmeiza Agricultural Research Station, ARC, El-Gharbeya Governorate, Egypt located at (Lat.03 48 752" and Long.13 81 025").This study looked at plant growth, leaf chlorophyll content, wheat productivity, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), and grain quality of wheat cultivar Sakha 95 were affected by biochar (0 and 12.5 m 3 /ha) and nitrogen fertilization levels i.e., 0, 50, 75 and 100 of the recommended rates (equals 0, 125, 187.5, and 250 kg N/ha) in the form of urea (46% N).Split-plot statistical design was applied, the biochar rates distributed in the main plots, whereas nitrogen fertilization levels randomized in the sub-plots.The obtained results showed that the combination between treated wheat plants grown in clay soil with biochar at 12.5 m 3 /ha and fertilizing plants with 100% of recommended N fertilization rate (250 kg N/ha) was the best treatment for increasing, leaf chlorophyll content (LCC), i.e., chlorophyll a, b, and total a+b after 75 days from sowing, grain yield (GY), straw and biological yields (StY, BY), harvesting index (HI), and plant height (PH), nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents in grain and straw (N, P and K %) and their uptake, the measured data includes total protein in grains as well as the available N, P, and K contents, and organic matter (OM %) in soils after harvesting of wheat in both growing seasons as soil quality parameters due to application of Biochar as unique soil improvement material.Treatments application produced improvement by 54.81%, 24.30%, and 36.5 % as relative increase in grain yield (GY), straw yield (StY), and biological yield (BY) ha -1 , respectively (as average of the two growing seasons) compared with unfertilized control wheat plots.On the other side, there were no significant differences for the interaction between 75 % of the recommended N rate combined with Biochar at application rate 12.5 m 3 ha -1 and 100 % of the recommended N fertilization rate without Biochar for all above mentioned data in both growing seasons.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar plus full nitrogen raised wheat leaf chlorophyll a, b and total a+b most after 75 days.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- biochar at 12.5 m 3 /ha and fertilizing plants with 100% of recommended N fertilization rate (250 kg N/ha)e0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll a, b, and total a+be0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Qualifier
- after 75 days from sowinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“biochar at 12.5 m 3 /ha and fertilizing plants with 100% of recommended N fertilization rate (250 kg N/ha) was the best treatment for increasing, leaf chlorophyll content (LCC), i.e., chlorophyll a, b, and total a+b after 75 days from sowing”
t0“WheatProduction”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined treatment increased wheat grain yield by 54.81% relative to unfertilized plots.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- biochar at 12.5 m 3 /ha and fertilizing plants with 100% of recommended N fertilization rate (250 kg N/ha)e1
- Outcome
- grain yield (GY)e0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 54.81%e0
- Comparator
- unfertilized control wheat plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“improvement by 54.81%, 24.30%, and 36.5 % as relative increase in grain yield (GY), straw yield (StY), and biological yield (BY) ha -1 , respectively (as average of the two growing seasons) compared with unfertilized control wheat plots.”
e1“biochar at 12.5 m 3 /ha and fertilizing plants with 100% of recommended N fertilization rate (250 kg N/ha)”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined treatment increased wheat straw yield by 24.30% relative to unfertilized plots.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- biochar at 12.5 m 3 /ha and fertilizing plants with 100% of recommended N fertilization rate (250 kg N/ha)e1
- Outcome
- straw yield (StY)e0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 24.30%e0
- Comparator
- unfertilized control wheat plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“improvement by 54.81%, 24.30%, and 36.5 % as relative increase in grain yield (GY), straw yield (StY), and biological yield (BY) ha -1 , respectively (as average of the two growing seasons) compared with unfertilized control wheat plots.”
e1“biochar at 12.5 m 3 /ha and fertilizing plants with 100% of recommended N fertilization rate (250 kg N/ha)”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined treatment increased wheat biological yield by 36.5% relative to unfertilized plots.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- biochar at 12.5 m 3 /ha and fertilizing plants with 100% of recommended N fertilization rate (250 kg N/ha)e1
- Outcome
- biological yield (BY)e0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 36.5 %e0
- Comparator
- unfertilized control wheat plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“improvement by 54.81%, 24.30%, and 36.5 % as relative increase in grain yield (GY), straw yield (StY), and biological yield (BY) ha -1 , respectively (as average of the two growing seasons) compared with unfertilized control wheat plots.”
e1“biochar at 12.5 m 3 /ha and fertilizing plants with 100% of recommended N fertilization rate (250 kg N/ha)”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined treatment was best for harvest index and plant height.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- biochar at 12.5 m 3 /ha and fertilizing plants with 100% of recommended N fertilization rate (250 kg N/ha)e1
- Outcome
- harvesting index (HI), and plant height (PH)e0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“was the best treatment for increasing, leaf chlorophyll content (LCC), i.e., chlorophyll a, b, and total a+b after 75 days from sowing, grain yield (GY), straw and biological yields (StY, BY), harvesting index (HI), and plant height (PH)”
e1“biochar at 12.5 m 3 /ha and fertilizing plants with 100% of recommended N fertilization rate (250 kg N/ha)”
t0“WheatProduction”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined treatment increased wheat nitrogen use efficiency.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- biochar at 12.5 m 3 /ha and fertilizing plants with 100% of recommended N fertilization rate (250 kg N/ha)e1
- Outcome
- nitrogen use efficiency (NUE)e0
- Direction
- increasinge2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plant height (PH), nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents in grain and straw (N, P and K %) and their uptake”
e2“was the best treatment for increasing”
e1“biochar at 12.5 m 3 /ha and fertilizing plants with 100% of recommended N fertilization rate (250 kg N/ha)”
t0“WheatProduction”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined treatment increased wheat grain and straw nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- biochar at 12.5 m 3 /ha and fertilizing plants with 100% of recommended N fertilization rate (250 kg N/ha)e1
- Outcome
- nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents in grain and strawe0
- Direction
- increasinge2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents in grain and straw (N, P and K %) and their uptake”
e2“was the best treatment for increasing”
e1“biochar at 12.5 m 3 /ha and fertilizing plants with 100% of recommended N fertilization rate (250 kg N/ha)”
t0“WheatProduction”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined treatment increased wheat nutrient uptake.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- biochar at 12.5 m 3 /ha and fertilizing plants with 100% of recommended N fertilization rate (250 kg N/ha)e1
- Outcome
- uptakee0
- Direction
- increasinge2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“(N, P and K %) and their uptake”
e2“was the best treatment for increasing”
e1“biochar at 12.5 m 3 /ha and fertilizing plants with 100% of recommended N fertilization rate (250 kg N/ha)”
t0“WheatProduction”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined treatment increased grain protein.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- biochar at 12.5 m 3 /ha and fertilizing plants with 100% of recommended N fertilization rate (250 kg N/ha)e1
- Outcome
- total protein in grainse0
- Direction
- increasinge2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the measured data includes total protein in grains”
e2“was the best treatment for increasing”
e1“biochar at 12.5 m 3 /ha and fertilizing plants with 100% of recommended N fertilization rate (250 kg N/ha)”
t0“WheatProduction”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined treatment increased postharvest soil available N, P and K and organic matter.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- biochar at 12.5 m 3 /ha and fertilizing plants with 100% of recommended N fertilization rate (250 kg N/ha)e1
- Outcome
- available N, P, and K contents, and organic matter (OM %) in soilse0
- Direction
- increasinge2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the available N, P, and K contents, and organic matter (OM %) in soils after harvesting of wheat”
e2“was the best treatment for increasing”
e1“biochar at 12.5 m 3 /ha and fertilizing plants with 100% of recommended N fertilization rate (250 kg N/ha)”
Claim · model-written summary
The 75% nitrogen plus biochar treatment and full nitrogen without biochar did not differ significantly on the stated measures.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 75 % of the recommended N rate combined with Biochar at application rate 12.5 m 3 ha -1e0
- Outcome
- all above mentioned datae0
- Direction
- no significant differencese0
- Comparator
- 100 % of the recommended N fertilization rate without Biochare0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there were no significant differences for the interaction between 75 % of the recommended N rate combined with Biochar at application rate 12.5 m 3 ha -1 and 100 % of the recommended N fertilization rate without Biochar for all above mentioned data in both growing seasons.”
t0“WheatProduction”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.