Abstract
Abstract Background There is an increase in the adoption of biological solutions for plant production as a means of attaining sustainable agriculture. A detailed understanding of the influence of specific bioinoculants and their volatile metabolites on native soil and plant microbiomes can improve future microbiome management practices. Results Here, we examined the effect of bacterial inoculants and volatile compounds as individual and combined treatments on apple plant and soil microbiome. The study used specially designed microcosms that facilitated the separation of the different plant compartments. A compartment- and soil-specific effect of treatments on the native soil and plant microbiome was observed. The live bacterial inoculants as compared to their volatiles had a stronger effect on the plant and soil microbiome, particularly the root microbial community. The combined effect of bacterial inoculants was higher compared to volatiles (R 2 = 5% vs. 3%). Treatment-specific effects were observed, like the influence of 2-butanone on the phyllosphere bacterial diversity, and an increase in fungal richness in Serratia-treated soils. Conclusions Among the examined treatments, inoculation with bacteria compared to volatile metabolites induced more significant shifts within the plant and soil microbiome. This observation has implications regarding the merits of applying living microorganisms. The findings highlight the potential of microbiome management approaches for enhancing microbiota functions.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Treatment effects on the native microbiome differed by compartment and soil.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticae0 - Outcome
- native soil and plant microbiomee1
- Qualifier
- compartment- and soil-specific effecte1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“apple plant and soil microbiome”
e1“A compartment- and soil-specific effect of treatments on the native soil and plant microbiome was observed”
Claim · model-written summary
Live bacterial inoculants affected the plant and soil microbiome more strongly than their volatiles, especially roots.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Organ / stage
- roote1
- Treatment
- live bacterial inoculantse1
- Interactor
- bacterial inoculantse1symbiont
- Outcome
- plant and soil microbiomee1
- Direction
- strongere1
- Comparator
- their volatilese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“apple plant and soil microbiome”
e1“The live bacterial inoculants as compared to their volatiles had a stronger effect on the plant and soil microbiome, particularly the root microbial community”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined bacterial inoculants explained 5% versus 3% for volatiles.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- bacterial inoculantse1
- Interactor
- bacterial inoculantse1symbiont
- Outcome
- combined effecte1
- Value
- R 2 = 5% vs. 3%e1
- Comparator
- volatilese1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“apple plant and soil microbiome”
e1“The combined effect of bacterial inoculants was higher compared to volatiles (R 2 = 5% vs. 3%)”
Claim · model-written summary
2-butanone influenced phyllosphere bacterial diversity.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- 2-butanonee1
- Outcome
- phyllosphere bacterial diversitye1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“apple plant and soil microbiome”
e1“the influence of 2-butanone on the phyllosphere bacterial diversity”
Claim · model-written summary
Serratia treatment increased fungal richness in soils.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- Serratia-treatede1
- Interactor
- Serratiae1symbiont
- Outcome
- fungal richnesse1
- Direction
- increasee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“apple plant and soil microbiome”
e1“an increase in fungal richness in Serratia-treated soils”
The same questions in other papers
inoculation · soil: biology · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- positive
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