Abstract
Apples ( Malus domestica ) are widely enjoyed but are prone to fungal infections, notably brown rot caused by Monilinia spp., which significantly impacts postharvest quality. This study evaluated the activities of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO), along with the expression of MdMYB10 in two apple cultivars (Gala Imperial and Lebanese) after inoculation with Monilinia laxa over 1, 2, and 7 days. Results showed that enzyme activities and MdMYB10 expression significantly increased post-infection, indicating their roles in the defense against brown rot. Notably, a strong positive correlation was found between MdMYB10 upregulation and the activities of PAL, POD, and PPO. PAL activity peaked at 2 days post-inoculation, while MdMYB10 expression, along with POD and PPO activities, reached their highest levels by day 7. These findings suggest that MdMYB10 expression enhances the activities of these defense enzymes, with PAL initiating the response by producing phenolic compounds that serve as substrates for PPO and POD, aiding in disease resistance. Although PAL, POD, and PPO activities increased after M. laxa inoculation, no significant differences in PPO and POD activities were observed between cultivars, while Gala Imperial displayed higher PAL activity, enhancing its resistance to infection. The study highlights MdMYB10 as a potential candidate for breeding programs aimed at improving brown rot resistance in apples. • Upregulation of MdMYB10 enhances defense enzyme activities (PAL, POD, PPO) against brown rot. • Time-dependent increase in CAT, POD, PAL, and PPO activities post-inoculation with Monilinia laxa. • Gala Imperial shows higher PAL activity, indicating better resistance to M. laxa than Lebanese apples. • MdMYB10 is a promising target for developing disease-resistant apple cultivars through biotechnology.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
CAT, POD and PAL activities significantly increased after infection in apples.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticat0 - Treatment
- inoculation with Monilinia laxae2
- Interactor
- Monilinia laxa
Monilinia laxae2pathogen - Gene
- catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL)e1
- Outcome
- enzyme activitiese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results showed that enzyme activities and MdMYB10 expression significantly increased post-infection”
e1“activities of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO)”
e2“after inoculation with Monilinia laxa”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
PPO activity significantly increased after infection in apples.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- inoculation with Monilinia laxae2
- Interactor
- Monilinia laxaMonilinia laxae2pathogen
- Gene
- polyphenol oxidase (PPO)e1
- Outcome
- enzyme activitiese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results showed that enzyme activities and MdMYB10 expression significantly increased post-infection”
e1“polyphenol oxidase (PPO)”
e2“after inoculation with Monilinia laxa”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
MdMYB10 expression significantly increased after infection in apples.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- inoculation with Monilinia laxae1
- Interactor
- Monilinia laxaMonilinia laxae1pathogen
- Gene
- MdMYB10e0
- Outcome
- MdMYB10 expressione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results showed that enzyme activities and MdMYB10 expression significantly increased post-infection”
e1“after inoculation with Monilinia laxa”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
MdMYB10 upregulation was strongly positively correlated with PAL, POD and PPO activities in apples.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Gene
- MdMYB10e0
- Outcome
- activities of PAL, POD, and PPOe0
- Qualifier
- strong positive correlatione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a strong positive correlation was found between MdMYB10 upregulation and the activities of PAL, POD, and PPO”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Apple PAL activity peaked two days after inoculation.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Gene
- PALe0
- Outcome
- PAL activitye0
- Direction
- peakede0
- Qualifier
- 2 days post-inoculatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PAL activity peaked at 2 days post-inoculation”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Apple MdMYB10 expression and POD and PPO activities reached their highest levels by day seven.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- MdMYB10 expression, along with POD and PPO activitiese0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- by day 7e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MdMYB10 expression, along with POD and PPO activities, reached their highest levels by day 7”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest MdMYB10 expression enhances apple defense enzyme activities.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Gene
- MdMYB10e0
- Outcome
- activities of these defense enzymese0
- Direction
- enhancese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These findings suggest that MdMYB10 expression enhances the activities of these defense enzymes”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest PAL initiates apple defense by producing phenolic substrates for PPO and POD, aiding resistance.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Gene
- PALe0
- Compound
- phenolic compoundse0
- Outcome
- disease resistancee0
- Qualifier
- producing phenolic compounds that serve as substrates for PPO and PODe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PAL initiating the response by producing phenolic compounds that serve as substrates for PPO and POD, aiding in disease resistance”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
PPO and POD activities did not differ significantly between apple cultivars after inoculation.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- M. laxa inoculatione1
- Interactor
- M. laxaMonilinia laxae1pathogen
- Outcome
- PPO and POD activitiese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no significant differences in PPO and POD activities were observed between cultivars”
e1“after M. laxa inoculation”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Gala Imperial apples had higher PAL activity than Lebanese apples, indicating better resistance to M. laxa.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae0
- Material
- Gala Imperiale0
- Interactor
- M. laxaMonilinia laxae0pathogen
- Outcome
- PAL activitye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- indicating better resistancee0
- Comparator
- Lebanesee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gala Imperial shows higher PAL activity, indicating better resistance to M. laxa than Lebanese apples.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors identify MdMYB10 as a potential breeding target for improving apple brown rot resistance.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae0
- Gene
- MdMYB10e0
- Outcome
- breeding programs aimed at improving brown rot resistancee0
- Qualifier
- potential candidatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The study highlights MdMYB10 as a potential candidate for breeding programs aimed at improving brown rot resistance in apples.”
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See all 11 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.