Abstract
Biodegradable mulch films not only provide similar field benefits to conventional mulch films but also degrade naturally, rendering them an effective alternative to traditional polyethylene mulch films for mitigating “white pollution”. However, recent studies have focused on the material selection and soil ecological impacts of biodegradable mulch films, while their effects on soil water temperature regulation and root architecture in drip-irrigated rice cultivation remain unclear. To address this research gap, in this study, various treatments including no mulch (NM), conventional plastic mulch (PM), and four types of biodegradable mulch films (BM-W1, BM-B1, BM-B2, and BM-B3) were established, and their effects on the soil hydrothermal flux, root architecture, biomass accumulation, and resource use efficiency of drip-irrigated rice were analyzed at different growth stages. The results indicated the following: (1) Compared with the NM treatment, film mulching increased the soil hydrothermal fluxes and water retention capacity, thereby promoting root growth and biomass accumulation, ultimately increasing the effective panicle number and grain yield. (2) Among the biodegradable film treatments, BM-B3 (with a degradation period of 105 days) maintained relatively higher soil temperature for a longer duration, which increased surface root distribution in the mid-to-late growth stages, further improving fine root growth and biomass accumulation, consequently enhancing both yield and water use efficiency. In contrast, BM-B1 and BM-B2 exhibited excessively rapid degradation rates, leading to significant fluctuations in soil moisture and temperature, thereby negatively affecting water supply and nutrient uptake and ultimately restricting root growth and development. (3) The entropy weight (EW) technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) model results revealed that although the PM treatment was more advantageous in terms of soil temperature, root dry weight, and soil moisture content, BM-B3 provided a slightly higher yield than the PM treatment did and offered the advantage of biodegradability, making it a preferred alternative to conventional mulch film. In summary, this study revealed the mechanism by which biodegradable mulch films enhanced biomass accumulation and yield formation in drip-irrigated rice production by optimizing soil hydrothermal dynamics and root architecture, thereby exploring their potential as replacements for conventional mulch films. These findings provide a theoretical basis for the efficient and sustainable production of drip-irrigated rice in arid regions.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Film mulching increased soil hydrothermal fluxes and water retention capacity of drip-irrigated rice relative to no mulch.
- Taxon
- Rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- film mulchinge1
- Outcome
- soil hydrothermal fluxes and water retention capacitye1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- NM treatmente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Drip-Irrigated Rice”
e1“Compared with the NM treatment, film mulching increased the soil hydrothermal fluxes and water retention capacity, thereby promoting root growth and biomass accumulation, ultimately increasing the effective panicle number and grain yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Film mulching promoted root growth and biomass accumulation of drip-irrigated rice relative to no mulch.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- film mulchinge1
- Outcome
- root growth and biomass accumulatione1
- Direction
- promotinge1
- Comparator
- NM treatmente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Drip-Irrigated Rice”
e1“Compared with the NM treatment, film mulching increased the soil hydrothermal fluxes and water retention capacity, thereby promoting root growth and biomass accumulation, ultimately increasing the effective panicle number and grain yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Film mulching increased the effective panicle number and grain yield of drip-irrigated rice relative to no mulch.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- film mulchinge1
- Outcome
- effective panicle number and grain yielde1
- Direction
- increasinge1
- Comparator
- NM treatmente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Drip-Irrigated Rice”
e1“Compared with the NM treatment, film mulching increased the soil hydrothermal fluxes and water retention capacity, thereby promoting root growth and biomass accumulation, ultimately increasing the effective panicle number and grain yield”
Claim · model-written summary
BM-B3 maintained relatively higher soil temperature for a longer duration than the other biodegradable film treatments.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- BM-B3e2
- Outcome
- soil temperaturee2
- Direction
- highere2
- Qualifier
- for a longer duratione2
- Comparator
- biodegradable film treatmentse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Drip-Irrigated Rice”
e2“Among the biodegradable film treatments, BM-B3 (with a degradation period of 105 days) maintained relatively higher soil temperature for a longer duration, which increased surface root distribution in the mid-to-late growth stages, further improving fine root growth and biomass accumulation, consequently enhancing both yield and water use efficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
BM-B3 increased surface root distribution of rice in the mid-to-late growth stages relative to the other biodegradable film treatments.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- mid-to-late growth stagese2
- Treatment
- BM-B3e2
- Outcome
- surface root distributione2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Comparator
- biodegradable film treatmentse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Drip-Irrigated Rice”
e2“Among the biodegradable film treatments, BM-B3 (with a degradation period of 105 days) maintained relatively higher soil temperature for a longer duration, which increased surface root distribution in the mid-to-late growth stages, further improving fine root growth and biomass accumulation, consequently enhancing both yield and water use efficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
BM-B3 improved fine root growth and biomass accumulation of rice relative to the other biodegradable film treatments.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- fine roote2
- Treatment
- BM-B3e2
- Outcome
- fine root growth and biomass accumulatione2
- Direction
- improvinge2
- Comparator
- biodegradable film treatmentse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Drip-Irrigated Rice”
e2“Among the biodegradable film treatments, BM-B3 (with a degradation period of 105 days) maintained relatively higher soil temperature for a longer duration, which increased surface root distribution in the mid-to-late growth stages, further improving fine root growth and biomass accumulation, consequently enhancing both yield and water use efficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
BM-B3 enhanced yield and water use efficiency of rice relative to the other biodegradable film treatments.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- BM-B3e2
- Outcome
- yield and water use efficiencye2
- Direction
- enhancinge2
- Comparator
- biodegradable film treatmentse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Drip-Irrigated Rice”
e2“Among the biodegradable film treatments, BM-B3 (with a degradation period of 105 days) maintained relatively higher soil temperature for a longer duration, which increased surface root distribution in the mid-to-late growth stages, further improving fine root growth and biomass accumulation, consequently enhancing both yield and water use efficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
BM-B1 and BM-B2 degraded excessively rapidly.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- BM-B1 and BM-B2e3
- Outcome
- degradation ratese3
- Qualifier
- excessively rapide3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Drip-Irrigated Rice”
e3“BM-B1 and BM-B2 exhibited excessively rapid degradation rates, leading to significant fluctuations in soil moisture and temperature, thereby negatively affecting water supply and nutrient uptake and ultimately restricting root growth and development”
Claim · model-written summary
BM-B1 and BM-B2 restricted root growth and development of rice relative to BM-B3.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- BM-B1 and BM-B2e3
- Outcome
- root growth and developmente3
- Direction
- restrictinge3
- Comparator
- BM-B3e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Drip-Irrigated Rice”
e2“Among the biodegradable film treatments, BM-B3 (with a degradation period of 105 days) maintained relatively higher soil temperature for a longer duration, which increased surface root distribution in the mid-to-late growth stages, further improving fine root growth and biomass accumulation, consequently enhancing both yield and water use efficiency”
e3“BM-B1 and BM-B2 exhibited excessively rapid degradation rates, leading to significant fluctuations in soil moisture and temperature, thereby negatively affecting water supply and nutrient uptake and ultimately restricting root growth and development”
Claim · model-written summary
BM-B1 and BM-B2 caused significant fluctuations in soil moisture and temperature.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- soil moisture and temperaturee3
- Qualifier
- significant fluctuationse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Drip-Irrigated Rice”
e3“BM-B1 and BM-B2 exhibited excessively rapid degradation rates, leading to significant fluctuations in soil moisture and temperature, thereby negatively affecting water supply and nutrient uptake and ultimately restricting root growth and development”
Claim · model-written summary
The PM treatment was more advantageous than the other treatments in soil temperature, root dry weight and soil moisture content.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- PM treatmente4
- Outcome
- soil temperature, root dry weight, and soil moisture contente4
- Qualifier
- more advantageouse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Drip-Irrigated Rice”
e4“although the PM treatment was more advantageous in terms of soil temperature, root dry weight, and soil moisture content”
Claim · model-written summary
BM-B3 gave a slightly higher yield of rice than the PM treatment.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- BM-B3e5
- Outcome
- yielde5
- Direction
- highere5
- Qualifier
- slightlye5
- Comparator
- PM treatmente5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Drip-Irrigated Rice”
e5“BM-B3 provided a slightly higher yield than the PM treatment did”
Claim · model-written summary
BM-B3 is a preferred alternative to conventional mulch film for rice because it is biodegradable.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- preferred alternative to conventional mulch filme6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Drip-Irrigated Rice”
e6“offered the advantage of biodegradability, making it a preferred alternative to conventional mulch film”
Claim · model-written summary
Biodegradable mulch films enhanced biomass accumulation and yield formation of drip-irrigated rice by optimizing soil hydrothermal dynamics and root architecture.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- biodegradable mulch filmse7
- Outcome
- biomass accumulation and yield formatione7
- Qualifier
- by optimizing soil hydrothermal dynamics and root architecturee7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Drip-Irrigated Rice”
e7“revealed the mechanism by which biodegradable mulch films enhanced biomass accumulation and yield formation in drip-irrigated rice production by optimizing soil hydrothermal dynamics and root architecture”
The same questions in other papers
mulching · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Results differ
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See all 16 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.