Abstract
Triploid or seedless watermelon [ Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum & Nakai] cultivars often have erratic germination and low seedling vigor. The morphology of the seedcoat on two triploid cultivars—Tri X 313 and Tri X Sunrise—was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to identify structural differences compared to diploid seeds. Triploid seeds incubated with oxygen-enhanced treatments that included nicking, 1% hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), and 40% oxygen were investigated at low and high medium moisture levels. Triploid seed has a thicker seedcoat with a dense endotesta layer and a larger and highly variable air space surrounding the embryonic axis as compared with diploid seed. All cultivars rapidly imbibed water (≈50% of the original weight) during the first hour of imbibition, with a faster increase for triploids than for diploids. High moisture affected germination to a lesser extent in diploid than triploid seeds. Triploid germination under low medium moisture ranged from 96% to 76%, but was severely reduced to <27% under high medium moisture. Triploid seed germination was significantly improved at high moisture by H 2 O 2 and by 40% oxygen. Triploid watermelon seed is very sensitive to submerged conditions, possibly due to a combination of physiological and morphological defects. The rapid imbibition and excess water collected in the seedcoat and air space surrounding the embryo, could reduce oxygen diffusion and impair metabolic pathways leading to normal germination and seedling development.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Triploid watermelon seeds had thicker seedcoats, denser endotesta, and larger more variable air space than diploid seeds.
- Taxon
- Watermelon
Citrullus lanatust0 - Material
- Triploid seede0
- Outcome
- thicker seedcoat with a dense endotesta layer and a larger and highly variable air spacee0
- Direction
- thickere0
- Comparator
- diploid seede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Triploid seed has a thicker seedcoat with a dense endotesta layer and a larger and highly variable air space surrounding the embryonic axis as compared with diploid seed”
t0“Watermelon”
Claim · model-written summary
All watermelon cultivars imbibed about 50% of original weight in the first hour.
- Taxon
- WatermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Outcome
- imbibed watere0
- Value
- ≈50% of the original weighte0
- Qualifier
- during the first hour of imbibitione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All cultivars rapidly imbibed water (≈50% of the original weight) during the first hour of imbibition”
t0“Watermelon”
Claim · model-written summary
Triploid watermelon seeds imbibed faster than diploid seeds.
- Taxon
- WatermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Material
- triploidse0
- Outcome
- imbibed watere1
- Direction
- faster increasee0
- Comparator
- diploidse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with a faster increase for triploids than for diploids”
e1“All cultivars rapidly imbibed water”
t0“Watermelon”
Claim · model-written summary
High moisture affected triploid germination more than diploid germination.
- Taxon
- WatermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- High moisturee0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- lesser extente0
- Comparator
- diploide0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High moisture affected germination to a lesser extent in diploid than triploid seeds”
t0“Watermelon”
Claim · model-written summary
Triploid germination fell from 96–76% at low moisture to below 27% at high moisture.
- Taxon
- WatermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Material
- Triploide0
- Treatment
- high medium moisturee0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- severely reducede0
- Value
- <27%e0
- Qualifier
- 96% to 76%e0
- Comparator
- low medium moisturee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Triploid germination under low medium moisture ranged from 96% to 76%, but was severely reduced to <27% under high medium moisture”
t0“Watermelon”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydrogen peroxide significantly improved triploid germination at high moisture.
- Taxon
- WatermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- H 2 O 2e0
- Outcome
- Triploid seed germinatione0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Triploid seed germination was significantly improved at high moisture by H 2 O 2 and by 40% oxygen”
t0“Watermelon”
Claim · model-written summary
Forty percent oxygen significantly improved triploid germination at high moisture.
- Taxon
- WatermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- 40% oxygene0
- Outcome
- Triploid seed germinatione0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Triploid seed germination was significantly improved at high moisture by H 2 O 2 and by 40% oxygen”
t0“Watermelon”
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See all 11 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.