Abstract
Summary Hard‐end, superficial scald and cork spot are prevalent physiological disorders in pear fruit, characterized by an increase in lignin deposition, which impairs the fruit quality and reduces farmer income. Although calcium deficiency is known to exacerbate symptoms of these lignin‐related disorders, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the regulatory network through which calcium modulates lignin deposition‐induced physiological disorders, using hard‐end disorder as a model. Our results showed that WRKY46, a transcription factor, is upregulated in hard‐end fruit but downregulated by calcium treatment. WRKY46 directly activates the transcription of NAC187 , which in turn activates the expression of CCR , promoting lignin accumulation. Furthermore, CML38, a calcium sensor protein, enhances the transactivation capacity of WRKY46 via physical interaction. Calcium disrupts the CML38/WRKY46‐NAC187‐CCR cascade, ultimately suppressing lignin biosynthesis. Additionally, the upregulation of WRKY46 , CML38 and NAC187 correlates with reduced Ca 2+ levels in the fruit. Collectively, these data suggest that the development of lignin‐related physiological disorders in pear fruit is mediated by the CML38/WRKY46‐NAC187‐CCR regulatory module, which is enhanced by reduced Ca 2+ levels. This module plays a dual role in both lignin accumulation and Ca 2+ level reduction, shedding new light on the role of calcium in modulating fruit quality.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
WRKY46 is upregulated in hard-end fruit.
- Taxon
- pear fruit
_Poirier_Fleurs_et_feuilles.jpg?width=60)
Pyrus communist0 - Organ / stage
- hard‐end fruite0
- Gene
- WRKY46e0
- Outcome
- WRKY46e0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Poirier_Fleurs_et_feuilles.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“WRKY46, a transcription factor, is upregulated in hard‐end fruit but downregulated by calcium treatment.”
t0“pear fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium treatment downregulates WRKY46.
- Taxon
- pear fruitPyrus communist0
- Treatment
- calcium treatmente0
- Gene
- WRKY46e0
- Outcome
- WRKY46e0
- Direction
- downregulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“WRKY46, a transcription factor, is upregulated in hard‐end fruit but downregulated by calcium treatment.”
t0“pear fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
WRKY46 directly activates NAC187 transcription.
- Taxon
- pear fruitPyrus communist0
- Gene
- WRKY46e0
- Outcome
- transcription of NAC187e0
- Direction
- activatese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“WRKY46 directly activates the transcription of NAC187 , which in turn activates the expression of CCR , promoting lignin accumulation.”
t0“pear fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
NAC187 activates CCR expression.
- Taxon
- pear fruitPyrus communist0
- Gene
- NAC187e0
- Outcome
- expression of CCRe0
- Direction
- activatese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NAC187 , which in turn activates the expression of CCR , promoting lignin accumulation.”
t0“pear fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
CCR activation promotes lignin accumulation.
- Taxon
- pear fruitPyrus communist0
- Gene
- CCRe0
- Outcome
- lignin accumulatione0
- Direction
- promotinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“activates the expression of CCR , promoting lignin accumulation.”
t0“pear fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
CML38 physically interacts with WRKY46 and enhances its transactivation capacity.
- Taxon
- pear fruitPyrus communist0
- Gene
- CML38e0
- Outcome
- transactivation capacity of WRKY46e0
- Direction
- enhancese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CML38, a calcium sensor protein, enhances the transactivation capacity of WRKY46 via physical interaction.”
t0“pear fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium disrupts the regulatory cascade and suppresses lignin biosynthesis.
- Taxon
- pear fruitPyrus communist0
- Treatment
- Calciume0
- Gene
- CML38/WRKY46‐NAC187‐CCRe0
- Outcome
- lignin biosynthesise0
- Direction
- suppressinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Calcium disrupts the CML38/WRKY46‐NAC187‐CCR cascade, ultimately suppressing lignin biosynthesis.”
t0“pear fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Upregulation of WRKY46, CML38 and NAC187 correlates with reduced fruit calcium.
- Taxon
- pear fruitPyrus communist0
- Gene
- WRKY46 , CML38 and NAC187e0
- Outcome
- Ca 2+ levels in the fruite0
- Direction
- reducede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the upregulation of WRKY46 , CML38 and NAC187 correlates with reduced Ca 2+ levels in the fruit.”
t0“pear fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
The regulatory module is proposed to mediate lignin-related physiological disorders in pear fruit.
- Taxon
- pear fruitPyrus communise0
- Gene
- CML38/WRKY46‐NAC187‐CCRe0
- Outcome
- development of lignin‐related physiological disorderse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the development of lignin‐related physiological disorders in pear fruit is mediated by the CML38/WRKY46‐NAC187‐CCR regulatory module”
The same questions in other papers
calcium atom · molecular: metabolites · Pyrus communis (pear)Results agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.