Abstract
The study investigated the impact of three sowing dates (May 15, June 15, and July 15) on physiological traits, yield components, and grain rot disease infection rates in maize cultivars, including single-cross hybrids (SC131 and SC168) and the three-way cross TWC324 during the 2023 and 2024 growing seasons. Early planting (May 15) resulted in the highest significant values for dry matter accumulation (g/m²) and leaf area per plant (cm²). Additionally, early sowing significantly enhanced photosynthetic pigment content in leaves, yield and yield components (plant height [cm], ear diameter [cm], ear height [cm], ear weight [g], ear length [cm], 100-grain weight [g], grain weight per ear [g], grain yield [ard/feddan]), as well as grain crude protein and carbohydrate content (%). Furthermore, early planting reduced infection levels by Fusarium verticillioides, F. semitectum, Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, and Penicillium spp. compared to later sowing dates (June 15 or July 15). Among the tested cultivars, SC168 outperformed the others in all measured traits. The highest mean values for physiological parameters, yield characteristics, grain quality components, and resistance to grain rot disease were achieved by planting SC168 at the early sowing date (May 15) in both growing seasons. Therefore, this combination is recommended for optimal maize production under similar conditions.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
May 15 sowing gave the highest dry matter accumulation and leaf area.
- Treatment
- Early planting (May 15)e0
- Outcome
- dry matter accumulation (g/m²) and leaf area per plant (cm²)e0
- Direction
- higheste0
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Early planting (May 15) resulted in the highest significant values for dry matter accumulation (g/m²) and leaf area per plant (cm²)”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Early sowing significantly enhanced photosynthetic pigment content.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“early sowing significantly enhanced photosynthetic pigment content in leaves”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Early sowing significantly enhanced yield, plant height and ear diameter.
- Treatment
- early sowinge0
- Outcome
- yield and yield components (plant height [cm], ear diameter [cm]e0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“early sowing significantly enhanced photosynthetic pigment content in leaves, yield and yield components (plant height [cm], ear diameter [cm], ear height [cm], ear weight [g], ear length [cm], 100-grain weight [g], grain weight per ear [g], grain yield [ard/feddan])”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Early sowing significantly enhanced ear height, weight and length.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“early sowing significantly enhanced photosynthetic pigment content in leaves, yield and yield components (plant height [cm], ear diameter [cm], ear height [cm], ear weight [g], ear length [cm], 100-grain weight [g], grain weight per ear [g], grain yield [ard/feddan])”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Early sowing significantly enhanced 100-grain weight, grain weight per ear and grain yield.
- Treatment
- early sowinge0
- Outcome
- 100-grain weight [g], grain weight per ear [g], grain yield [ard/feddan]e0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“early sowing significantly enhanced photosynthetic pigment content in leaves, yield and yield components (plant height [cm], ear diameter [cm], ear height [cm], ear weight [g], ear length [cm], 100-grain weight [g], grain weight per ear [g], grain yield [ard/feddan])”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Early sowing significantly enhanced grain crude protein and carbohydrate content.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“early sowing significantly enhanced photosynthetic pigment content in leaves, yield and yield components (plant height [cm], ear diameter [cm], ear height [cm], ear weight [g], ear length [cm], 100-grain weight [g], grain weight per ear [g], grain yield [ard/feddan]), as well as grain crude protein and carbohydrate content (%)”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Early planting reduced Fusarium verticillioides infection relative to later sowing.
- Treatment
- early plantinge0
- Interactor
- Fusarium verticillioides
Fusarium verticillioidese0pathogen - Outcome
- infection levels by Fusarium verticillioidese0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- later sowing dates (June 15 or July 15)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“early planting reduced infection levels by Fusarium verticillioides, F. semitectum, Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, and Penicillium spp. compared to later sowing dates (June 15 or July 15)”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Early planting reduced F. semitectum infection relative to later sowing.
- Treatment
- early plantinge0
- Interactor
- F. semitectumFusarium incarnatume0pathogen
- Outcome
- F. semitectume0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- later sowing dates (June 15 or July 15)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“early planting reduced infection levels by Fusarium verticillioides, F. semitectum, Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, and Penicillium spp. compared to later sowing dates (June 15 or July 15)”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Early planting reduced Aspergillus niger infection relative to later sowing.
- Treatment
- early plantinge0
- Interactor
- Aspergillus niger
Aspergillus nigere0pathogen - Outcome
- Aspergillus nigere0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- later sowing dates (June 15 or July 15)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“early planting reduced infection levels by Fusarium verticillioides, F. semitectum, Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, and Penicillium spp. compared to later sowing dates (June 15 or July 15)”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Early planting reduced A. flavus infection relative to later sowing.
- Treatment
- early plantinge0
- Interactor
- A. flavus
Aspergillus flavuse0pathogen - Outcome
- A. flavuse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- later sowing dates (June 15 or July 15)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“early planting reduced infection levels by Fusarium verticillioides, F. semitectum, Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, and Penicillium spp. compared to later sowing dates (June 15 or July 15)”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Early planting reduced Penicillium spp. infection relative to later sowing.
- Treatment
- early plantinge0
- Interactor
- Penicillium spp.
Penicilliume0pathogen - Outcome
- Penicillium spp.e0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- later sowing dates (June 15 or July 15)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“early planting reduced infection levels by Fusarium verticillioides, F. semitectum, Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, and Penicillium spp. compared to later sowing dates (June 15 or July 15)”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
SC168 outperformed the other cultivars across measured traits.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among the tested cultivars, SC168 outperformed the others in all measured traits”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
SC168 planted May 15 gave the highest physiological, yield, quality and disease resistance means.
- Material
- SC168e0
- Treatment
- early sowing date (May 15)e0
- Outcome
- physiological parameters, yield characteristics, grain quality components, and resistance to grain rot diseasee0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest mean values for physiological parameters, yield characteristics, grain quality components, and resistance to grain rot disease were achieved by planting SC168 at the early sowing date (May 15) in both growing seasons”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend SC168 at May 15 for optimal maize production under similar conditions.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest mean values for physiological parameters, yield characteristics, grain quality components, and resistance to grain rot disease were achieved by planting SC168 at the early sowing date (May 15) in both growing seasons. Therefore, this combination is recommended for optimal maize production under similar conditions”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.