Abstract
Drought severely impedes plant growth and production as a primary abiotic stress. GIGANTEA (GI) regulates flowering and responds to various stresses in model plants; however, its function remains poorly understood in non-model plants. In this study, a Citrus limon GI homologous (CiGI) was identified and two alternative splicing transcripts (CiGIα and CiGIβ) were found. CiGIα overexpressing tobacco exhibited early flowering and drought sensitivity, whereas the phenotype of CiGIβ-overexpressing plants was similar to that of wild-type (WT) plants. Overexpression of CiGIα in citrus increased drought sensitivity and upregulated citrus FLOWERING LOCUS T (CiFT) expression, and downregulation of CiGI enhanced drought tolerance. Further studies revealed that CiGIα, CiGIβ, and LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL (CiLHY) form a complex that binds to the Nuclear Factor YA1 (CiNF-YA1) promoter and activates its expression. Subsequently, CiNF-YA1 activates the expression of NADP-DEPENDENT MALIC ENZYME 2 (CiNADP-ME2) by binding its promoter, leading to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, which enhances plant drought sensitivity. Exogenous ROS treatment induced citrus flowering and reduced drought tolerance. Furthermore, the CiGI-CiLHY complex also activates CiFT and may participate in the regulation of citrus flowering. These results reveal a novel mechanism by which CiGI regulates citrus flowering and drought tolerance.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
A Citrus limon GI homolog and two splice transcripts were identified.
- Taxon
- Citrus limon
Citrus ×limone0 - Gene
- CiGIe0
- Outcome
- two alternative splicing transcripts (CiGIα and CiGIβ) were founde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a Citrus limon GI homologous (CiGI) was identified and two alternative splicing transcripts (CiGIα and CiGIβ) were found.”
Claim · model-written summary
CiGIα overexpression in tobacco caused early flowering.
- Taxon
- tobacco
Nicotiana tabacume0 - Treatment
- CiGIα overexpressinge0
- Gene
- CiGIαe0
- Outcome
- early floweringe0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CiGIα overexpressing tobacco exhibited early flowering and drought sensitivity, whereas the phenotype of CiGIβ-overexpressing plants was similar to that of wild-type (WT) plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
CiGIα overexpression in tobacco caused drought sensitivity.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume0
- Treatment
- CiGIα overexpressinge0
- Gene
- CiGIαe0
- Outcome
- drought sensitivitye0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CiGIα overexpressing tobacco exhibited early flowering and drought sensitivity, whereas the phenotype of CiGIβ-overexpressing plants was similar to that of wild-type (WT) plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
CiGIβ overexpressing plants resembled wild type.
- Treatment
- CiGIβ-overexpressinge0
- Gene
- CiGIβe0
- Outcome
- similar to that of wild-type (WT) plantse0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- wild-type (WT) plantse0
CitrusOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CiGIβ-overexpressing plants was similar to that of wild-type (WT) plants.”
t0“citrus”
Claim · model-written summary
CiGIα overexpression increased citrus drought sensitivity.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Overexpression of CiGIα in citrus increased drought sensitivity and upregulated citrus FLOWERING LOCUS T (CiFT) expression”
Claim · model-written summary
CiGIα overexpression upregulated citrus CiFT expression.
- Treatment
- Overexpression of CiGIαe0
- Gene
- CiFTe0
- Outcome
- citrus FLOWERING LOCUS T (CiFT) expressione0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Overexpression of CiGIα in citrus increased drought sensitivity and upregulated citrus FLOWERING LOCUS T (CiFT) expression”
Claim · model-written summary
CiGI downregulation enhanced drought tolerance.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“downregulation of CiGI enhanced drought tolerance.”
t0“citrus”
Claim · model-written summary
CiGIα, CiGIβ and CiLHY formed a complex that bound the CiNF-YA1 promoter and activated expression.
- Gene
- CiGIα, CiGIβ, and LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL (CiLHY)e0
- Outcome
- Nuclear Factor YA1 (CiNF-YA1) promoter and activates its expressione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CiGIα, CiGIβ, and LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL (CiLHY) form a complex that binds to the Nuclear Factor YA1 (CiNF-YA1) promoter and activates its expression.”
t0“citrus”
Claim · model-written summary
CiNF-YA1 activated CiNADP-ME2 expression by promoter binding.
- Gene
- CiNF-YA1e0
- Outcome
- expression of NADP-DEPENDENT MALIC ENZYME 2 (CiNADP-ME2)e0
- Qualifier
- by binding its promotere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CiNF-YA1 activates the expression of NADP-DEPENDENT MALIC ENZYME 2 (CiNADP-ME2) by binding its promoter”
t0“citrus”
Claim · model-written summary
CiNADP-ME2 activation led to ROS accumulation and drought sensitivity.
- Gene
- CiNADP-ME2e1
- Outcome
- reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- enhances plant drought sensitivitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“leading to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, which enhances plant drought sensitivity.”
e1“CiNF-YA1 activates the expression of NADP-DEPENDENT MALIC ENZYME 2 (CiNADP-ME2) by binding its promoter”
t0“citrus”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous ROS induced citrus flowering.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exogenous ROS treatment induced citrus flowering and reduced drought tolerance.”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous ROS reduced citrus drought tolerance.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exogenous ROS treatment induced citrus flowering and reduced drought tolerance.”
Claim · model-written summary
The CiGI-CiLHY complex activated CiFT and may regulate citrus flowering.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the CiGI-CiLHY complex also activates CiFT and may participate in the regulation of citrus flowering.”
The same questions in other papers
loss of function · tolerance: abiotic · CitrusResults agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.