Abstract
ABSTRACT Ozone (O 3 ) pollution and climate warming jointly threaten crop productivity and undermine global food security. However, their combined effects on wheat under real‐world conditions are not well understood, limiting the potential for adaptation. Here, we investigated yield and grain protein of a major wheat variety under joint elevated O 3 and warming manipulations in 3 years (2021–2023), using a real‐world simulation with a free‐air controlled enrichment (FACE) facility. We found that O 3 pollution reduced grain yield mainly by limiting a carbon source via accelerated flag leaf senescence and declined leaf area index. Warming enhanced nitrogen uptake before heading and thereby mitigated leaf senescence and increased grain protein content. This wheat variety showed lower responses to independent elevated O 3 and warming than the varieties studied in the literature. Cultivating this tolerant wheat variety resulted in only 6% yield losses under joint O 3 pollution and warming, while increasing grain nitrogen content by 9%. These findings demonstrate that it is critical to breed wheat varieties that optimize high yield in tandem with adaptation to air pollution and climate change.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated O3 pollution reduced grain yield of wheat.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- O 3 pollutione0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“O 3 pollution reduced grain yield mainly by limiting a carbon source via accelerated flag leaf senescence and declined leaf area index”
t0“Resistant Wheat Variety”
Claim · model-written summary
O3 pollution reduced grain yield mainly by limiting a carbon source through accelerated flag leaf senescence and declined leaf area index.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- O 3 pollutione0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Qualifier
- limiting a carbon source via accelerated flag leaf senescence and declined leaf area indexe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“O 3 pollution reduced grain yield mainly by limiting a carbon source via accelerated flag leaf senescence and declined leaf area index”
t0“Resistant Wheat Variety”
Claim · model-written summary
Warming enhanced nitrogen uptake before heading in wheat.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Warminge0
- Outcome
- nitrogen uptake before headinge0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Warming enhanced nitrogen uptake before heading and thereby mitigated leaf senescence and increased grain protein content”
t0“Resistant Wheat Variety”
Claim · model-written summary
Warming mitigated leaf senescence in wheat.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Warminge0
- Outcome
- leaf senescencee0
- Direction
- mitigatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Warming enhanced nitrogen uptake before heading and thereby mitigated leaf senescence and increased grain protein content”
t0“Resistant Wheat Variety”
Claim · model-written summary
Warming increased grain protein content in wheat.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Warminge0
- Outcome
- grain protein contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Warming enhanced nitrogen uptake before heading and thereby mitigated leaf senescence and increased grain protein content”
t0“Resistant Wheat Variety”
Claim · model-written summary
The wheat variety showed lower responses to independent elevated O3 than varieties studied in the literature.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- independent elevated O 3e0
- Outcome
- responsese0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- the varieties studied in the literaturee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This wheat variety showed lower responses to independent elevated O 3 and warming than the varieties studied in the literature”
t0“Resistant Wheat Variety”
Claim · model-written summary
The wheat variety showed lower responses to independent warming than varieties studied in the literature.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- warminge0
- Outcome
- responsese0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- the varieties studied in the literaturee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This wheat variety showed lower responses to independent elevated O 3 and warming than the varieties studied in the literature”
t0“Resistant Wheat Variety”
Claim · model-written summary
The tolerant wheat variety had only 6% yield loss under joint O3 pollution and warming.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- joint O 3 pollution and warminge0
- Outcome
- yield lossese0
- Direction
- lossese0
- Value
- 6%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cultivating this tolerant wheat variety resulted in only 6% yield losses under joint O 3 pollution and warming, while increasing grain nitrogen content by 9%”
t0“Resistant Wheat Variety”
Claim · model-written summary
The tolerant wheat variety increased grain nitrogen content by 9% under joint O3 pollution and warming.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- joint O 3 pollution and warminge0
- Outcome
- grain nitrogen contente0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Value
- 9%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cultivating this tolerant wheat variety resulted in only 6% yield losses under joint O 3 pollution and warming, while increasing grain nitrogen content by 9%”
t0“Resistant Wheat Variety”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that it is critical to breed wheat varieties that combine high yield with adaptation to air pollution and climate change.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- breed wheat varieties that optimize high yield in tandem with adaptation to air pollution and climate changee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it is critical to breed wheat varieties that optimize high yield in tandem with adaptation to air pollution and climate change”
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See all 16 papers →8 of 9 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.