Abstract
Egypt, a major wheat importer, grapples with significant food security concerns exacerbated by limited water resources and climate variability. This study investigates strategies to optimize wheat yield and water productivity across Egypt’s diverse agro-climatic zones through precise irrigation management and cultivar selection. Using the DSSAT CERES-Wheat model, calibrated with field data from experiments on three wheat cultivars (Sakha94, Shandweel1 and Sids1) under five irrigation treatments across four locations, we evaluated the impact of irrigation frequency and elevated CO₂ levels (390 ppm) on grain yield and water-use efficiency. Results show that frequent irrigation (50 % depletion) increases yield by up to 22 % compared to less frequent irrigation (90 % depletion), particularly for Sakha94, while reduced irrigation enhances water productivity based irrigation (WP_Irrigation), with Shandweel1 and Sids1 achieving 15–20 % higher WP under water-limited conditions. Elevated CO₂ contributes a modest yield increase of approximately 5 % and enhances WP, indicating potential adaptive benefits in future high-CO₂ scenarios. Sensitivity analysis revealed that moderate CO₂ enrichment (+420–440 ppm) combined with + 1°C to + 2°C increases yield and WP by 10–25 %, but higher temperatures (+3°C) shortened growth cycles and reduced benefits, particularly for heat-sensitive cultivars like Sakha94. Linear mixed model analysis further reveals distinct fixed and random effects, underscoring that strategic irrigation management can effectively balance yield maximization and water conservation. These findings highlight the necessity of location-specific irrigation and cultivar strategies to alleviate water scarcity. Future research should prioritize a multi-model ensemble approach to quantify uncertainties, integrate CMIP6 climate projections and explore multi-factor environmental impacts, supporting sustainable wheat production in water-limited regions.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
In the DSSAT simulations, frequent irrigation (50 % depletion) increased wheat yield by up to 22 % relative to less frequent irrigation (90 % depletion), particularly for Sakha94.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Material
- Sakha94e1
- Treatment
- frequent irrigation (50 % depletion)e1
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Direction
- increasese1
- Value
- 22 %e1
- Comparator
- less frequent irrigation (90 % depletion)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Optimizing wheat yield and water productivity under water scarcity”
e1“frequent irrigation (50 % depletion) increases yield by up to 22 % compared to less frequent irrigation (90 % depletion), particularly for Sakha94”
Claim · model-written summary
Shandweel1 achieved 15–20 % higher water productivity under water-limited conditions with reduced irrigation.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Shandweel1e2
- Treatment
- reduced irrigatione2
- Outcome
- WPe2
- Direction
- highere2
- Value
- 15–20 %e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Optimizing wheat yield and water productivity under water scarcity”
e2“reduced irrigation enhances water productivity based irrigation (WP_Irrigation), with Shandweel1 and Sids1 achieving 15–20 % higher WP under water-limited conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Sids1 achieved 15–20 % higher water productivity under water-limited conditions with reduced irrigation.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Sids1e2
- Treatment
- reduced irrigatione2
- Outcome
- WPe2
- Direction
- highere2
- Value
- 15–20 %e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Optimizing wheat yield and water productivity under water scarcity”
e2“reduced irrigation enhances water productivity based irrigation (WP_Irrigation), with Shandweel1 and Sids1 achieving 15–20 % higher WP under water-limited conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased wheat yield by approximately 5 % in the simulations.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Elevated CO₂e3
- Outcome
- yielde3
- Direction
- increasee3
- Value
- approximately 5 %e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Optimizing wheat yield and water productivity under water scarcity”
e3“Elevated CO₂ contributes a modest yield increase of approximately 5 % and enhances WP”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 enhanced wheat water productivity in the simulations.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Elevated CO₂e3
- Outcome
- WPe3
- Direction
- enhancese3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Optimizing wheat yield and water productivity under water scarcity”
e3“Elevated CO₂ contributes a modest yield increase of approximately 5 % and enhances WP”
Claim · model-written summary
Moderate CO2 enrichment combined with a 1 to 2 °C warming increased wheat yield and water productivity by 10–25 % in the sensitivity analysis.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- moderate CO₂ enrichment (+420–440 ppm) combined with + 1°C to + 2°Ce4
- Outcome
- yield and WPe4
- Direction
- increasese4
- Value
- 10–25 %e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Optimizing wheat yield and water productivity under water scarcity”
e4“moderate CO₂ enrichment (+420–440 ppm) combined with + 1°C to + 2°C increases yield and WP by 10–25 %”
Claim · model-written summary
A +3 °C temperature increase shortened wheat growth cycles, particularly in the heat-sensitive cultivar Sakha94.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Sakha94e5
- Treatment
- higher temperatures (+3°C)e5
- Outcome
- growth cyclese5
- Direction
- shortenede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Optimizing wheat yield and water productivity under water scarcity”
e5“higher temperatures (+3°C) shortened growth cycles and reduced benefits, particularly for heat-sensitive cultivars like Sakha94”
Claim · model-written summary
A +3 °C temperature increase reduced the benefits of elevated CO2 and warming for wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- higher temperatures (+3°C)e5
- Outcome
- benefitse5
- Direction
- reducede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Optimizing wheat yield and water productivity under water scarcity”
e5“higher temperatures (+3°C) shortened growth cycles and reduced benefits, particularly for heat-sensitive cultivars like Sakha94”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend that strategic irrigation management can effectively balance wheat yield maximization and water conservation.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- yield maximization and water conservatione6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Optimizing wheat yield and water productivity under water scarcity”
e6“underscoring that strategic irrigation management can effectively balance yield maximization and water conservation”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend location-specific irrigation and cultivar strategies to alleviate wheat water scarcity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- water scarcitye7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Optimizing wheat yield and water productivity under water scarcity”
e7“These findings highlight the necessity of location-specific irrigation and cultivar strategies to alleviate water scarcity”
The same questions in other papers
co2 · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
173 papers in the same direction as this paper · 29 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- no effect
199 papers more in this group
See all 203 papers →irrigation · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
797 papers in the same direction as this paper · 184 in the opposite direction · 7 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
- negative
985 papers more in this group
See all 989 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.