Abstract
BACKGROUND: Salicylic acid (SA) is a key phytohormone involved in regulating plant growth, development, and immune responses. While its signaling roles have been extensively characterized in model species, the molecular mechanisms and SA-responsive genes in potato remain largely uncharacterized. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to elucidate the SA-mediated transcriptional network in potato by conducting a comparative transcriptomic analysis under treatments with exogenous SA and 1-aminobenzotriazole (ABT), a pan-selective cytochrome P450 inhibitor, that impairs enzymes required for salicylic acid (SA) biosynthesis. RESULTS: RNA-seq analysis identified 6,668 and 3,815 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) under SA and ABT treatments, respectively, with 1,759 DEGs displaying inverse expression patterns between the two treatments. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses revealed that these DEGs are predominantly involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, glutathione metabolism, plant hormone signal transduction, MAPK signaling, and plant-pathogen interactions. Exogenous SA activated genes associated with gibberellin, abscisic acid, brassinosteroid, and SA signaling pathways, while suppressing key jasmonic acid signaling genes, including JAR1 and MYC2. In addition, multiple PR1 genes and transcription factors from the WRKY, ERF, C2H2, MYB, and NAC families were strongly upregulated by SA. Functional validation using virus-induced gene silencing demonstrated that NbPAL1 and NbPAL2 are essential regulators of SA biosynthesis. Moreover, transcriptomic data revealed the robust induction of detoxification-related enzymes under SA treatment, including 19 glutathione S-transferases and 30 cytochrome P450 genes. Notably, two isoforms of CYP94B3, involved in JA-Ile hydroxylation, were induced by SA and repressed by ABT. CONCLUSION: This study provides a comprehensive overview of SA-responsive gene expression in potato, uncovering key regulatory components and pathways within the SA signaling network. The findings offer valuable insights for future functional studies and genetic improvement strategies targeting SA-mediated disease resistance in potato.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
RNA-seq identified 6,668 differentially expressed genes in potato under SA treatment.
- Taxon
- potato
Solanum tuberosumt0 - Treatment
- SAe0
- Outcome
- differentially expressed genes (DEGs)e0
- Value
- 6,668e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“potato”
e0“RNA-seq analysis identified 6,668 and 3,815 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) under SA and ABT treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
RNA-seq identified 3,815 differentially expressed genes in potato under ABT treatment.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- ABTe0
- Outcome
- differentially expressed genes (DEGs)e0
- Value
- 3,815e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“potato”
e0“RNA-seq analysis identified 6,668 and 3,815 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) under SA and ABT treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
1,759 DEGs showed inverse expression patterns between the SA and ABT treatments.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Outcome
- DEGs displaying inverse expression patternse0
- Value
- 1,759e0
- Qualifier
- between the two treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“potato”
e0“1,759 DEGs displaying inverse expression patterns between the two treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
The DEGs were predominantly involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, glutathione metabolism and plant hormone signal transduction.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Outcome
- phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, glutathione metabolism, plant hormone signal transductione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“potato”
e0“these DEGs are predominantly involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, glutathione metabolism, plant hormone signal transduction”
Claim · model-written summary
The DEGs were also predominantly involved in MAPK signaling and plant-pathogen interactions.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Outcome
- MAPK signaling, and plant-pathogen interactionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“potato”
e0“MAPK signaling, and plant-pathogen interactions”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous SA activated genes associated with gibberellin, abscisic acid and brassinosteroid signaling.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- Exogenous SAe0
- Outcome
- genes associated with gibberellin, abscisic acid, brassinosteroide0
- Direction
- activatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“potato”
e0“Exogenous SA activated genes associated with gibberellin, abscisic acid, brassinosteroid, and SA signaling pathways”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous SA activated genes associated with SA signaling pathways.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- Exogenous SAe0
- Outcome
- SA signaling pathwayse0
- Direction
- activatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“potato”
e0“Exogenous SA activated genes associated with gibberellin, abscisic acid, brassinosteroid, and SA signaling pathways”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous SA suppressed key jasmonic acid signaling genes, including JAR1 and MYC2.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- Exogenous SAe0
- Gene
- JAR1 and MYC2e1
- Outcome
- jasmonic acid signaling genese1
- Direction
- suppressinge1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“potato”
e0“Exogenous SA”
e1“while suppressing key jasmonic acid signaling genes, including JAR1 and MYC2”
Claim · model-written summary
Multiple PR1 genes were strongly upregulated by SA.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- SAe0
- Gene
- PR1e0
- Outcome
- multiple PR1 genese0
- Direction
- strongly upregulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“potato”
e0“multiple PR1 genes and transcription factors from the WRKY, ERF, C2H2, MYB, and NAC families were strongly upregulated by SA”
Claim · model-written summary
Transcription factors from the WRKY, ERF, C2H2, MYB and NAC families were strongly upregulated by SA.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- SAe0
- Outcome
- transcription factors from the WRKY, ERF, C2H2, MYB, and NAC familiese0
- Direction
- strongly upregulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“potato”
e0“multiple PR1 genes and transcription factors from the WRKY, ERF, C2H2, MYB, and NAC families were strongly upregulated by SA”
Claim · model-written summary
Virus-induced gene silencing showed that NbPAL1 and NbPAL2 are essential regulators of SA biosynthesis.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
t0“potato”
e0“Functional validation using virus-induced gene silencing demonstrated that NbPAL1 and NbPAL2 are essential regulators of SA biosynthesis”
Claim · model-written summary
SA treatment strongly induced 19 glutathione S-transferases among detoxification-related enzymes.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- SA treatmente0
- Gene
- glutathione S-transferasese0
- Outcome
- glutathione S-transferasese0
- Direction
- inductione0
- Value
- 19e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“potato”
e0“transcriptomic data revealed the robust induction of detoxification-related enzymes under SA treatment, including 19 glutathione S-transferases and 30 cytochrome P450 genes”
Claim · model-written summary
SA treatment strongly induced 30 cytochrome P450 genes among detoxification-related enzymes.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- SA treatmente0
- Outcome
- cytochrome P450 genese0
- Direction
- inductione0
- Value
- 30e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“potato”
e0“transcriptomic data revealed the robust induction of detoxification-related enzymes under SA treatment, including 19 glutathione S-transferases and 30 cytochrome P450 genes”
Claim · model-written summary
Two isoforms of CYP94B3, involved in JA-Ile hydroxylation, were induced by SA.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- SAe0
- Gene
- CYP94B3e0
- Outcome
- two isoforms of CYP94B3e0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“potato”
e0“two isoforms of CYP94B3, involved in JA-Ile hydroxylation, were induced by SA and repressed by ABT”
Claim · model-written summary
Two isoforms of CYP94B3 were repressed by ABT.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- ABTe0
- Gene
- CYP94B3e0
- Outcome
- two isoforms of CYP94B3e0
- Direction
- repressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“potato”
e0“two isoforms of CYP94B3, involved in JA-Ile hydroxylation, were induced by SA and repressed by ABT”