Abstract
Soil salinization is an important abiotic stress that limits the productivity and quality of horticultural crops. As critical signaling molecules, hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) and calcium ions (Ca 2 + ) are crucial in plant stress reponse. However, the molecular basis of their synergistic action in improving salt tolerance in plants is unclear. In this study, tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.) seedlings were utilized as a material to explore the synergistic effect of H 2 S and Ca 2+ on salt stress tolerance. The results show that exogenous sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS, a H 2 S donor) and CaCl 2 independently ameliorated the inhibitory effects of salt stress on tomato seedling growth, with their co-application demonstrating a synergistic alleviation of stress-induced growth impairment. Further studies reveal that H 2 S promoted Ca 2+ level and up-regulated signal-responsive 3 ( SR3 ) expression. SlSR3 knockout mutants were more sensitive to salt stress, whereas overexpression of SlSR3 displayed enhanced salt tolerance. Moreover, SlSR3 conferred protection against salt stress-induced cell wall degradation and sustained its stability by repressing the expression of genes implicated in cell wall degradation. Further results demonstrate that NaHS treatment did not enhance cell wall integrity or salt tolerance in SlSR3 knockout mutants. Conversely, NaHS treatment effectively inhibited cell wall degradation and improved salt tolerance in SlSR3 -overexpressing plants. Therefore, SlSR3 is likely implicated in the H 2 S-mediated inhibition of cell wall degradation in tomato seedlings under salt stress, ultimately enhancing salt tolerance. This study delineates the mechanistic interplay between H 2 S and Ca 2+ in plant salt tolerance, thereby enhancing the potential for breeding horticultural crops with improved stress resilience. • H 2 S and Ca 2+ synergistically increase salt tolerance in tomato seedlings. • SlSR3 might play a positive role in alleviating salt stress and inhibiting cell wall degradation. • SlSR3 may be participated in H 2 S-enhanced salt tolerance in tomato seedlings. • SlSR3 participates in H 2 S-suppressed cell wall degradation under salt stress.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous NaHS ameliorated the inhibitory effect of salt stress on tomato seedling growth
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume1 - Treatment
- exogenous sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS, a H 2 S donor)e1
- Outcome
- seedling growthe1
- Direction
- amelioratede1
- Comparator
- salt stresse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“exogenous sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS, a H 2 S donor) and CaCl 2 independently ameliorated the inhibitory effects of salt stress on tomato seedling growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous CaCl2 ameliorated the inhibitory effect of salt stress on tomato seedling growth
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- CaCl 2e1
- Outcome
- seedling growthe1
- Direction
- amelioratede1
- Comparator
- salt stresse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“exogenous sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS, a H 2 S donor) and CaCl 2 independently ameliorated the inhibitory effects of salt stress on tomato seedling growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Co-application of NaHS and CaCl2 synergistically alleviated salt-induced growth impairment in tomato seedlings
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- co-applicatione2
- Outcome
- growth impairmente2
- Direction
- synergistic alleviatione2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“exogenous sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS, a H 2 S donor) and CaCl 2 independently ameliorated the inhibitory effects of salt stress on tomato seedling growth”
e2“with their co-application demonstrating a synergistic alleviation of stress-induced growth impairment”
Claim · model-written summary
H2S promoted Ca2+ level in tomato seedlings
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- H 2 Se3
- Outcome
- Ca 2+ levele3
- Direction
- promotede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“exogenous sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS, a H 2 S donor) and CaCl 2 independently ameliorated the inhibitory effects of salt stress on tomato seedling growth”
e3“Further studies reveal that H 2 S promoted Ca 2+ level and up-regulated signal-responsive 3 ( SR3 ) expression”
Claim · model-written summary
H2S up-regulated SR3 expression in tomato seedlings
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- H 2 Se3
- Gene
- SR3e3
- Outcome
- signal-responsive 3 ( SR3 ) expressione3
- Direction
- up-regulatede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“exogenous sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS, a H 2 S donor) and CaCl 2 independently ameliorated the inhibitory effects of salt stress on tomato seedling growth”
e3“Further studies reveal that H 2 S promoted Ca 2+ level and up-regulated signal-responsive 3 ( SR3 ) expression”
Claim · model-written summary
SlSR3 knockout mutants were more sensitive to salt stress than wild type
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Material
- SlSR3 knockout mutantse4
- Treatment
- knockoute4
- Gene
- SlSR3e4
- Outcome
- sensitive to salt stresse4
- Direction
- more sensitivee4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“exogenous sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS, a H 2 S donor) and CaCl 2 independently ameliorated the inhibitory effects of salt stress on tomato seedling growth”
e4“SlSR3 knockout mutants were more sensitive to salt stress, whereas overexpression of SlSR3 displayed enhanced salt tolerance”
Claim · model-written summary
SlSR3 overexpression enhanced salt tolerance in tomato
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- overexpressione4
- Gene
- SlSR3e4
- Outcome
- salt tolerancee4
- Direction
- enhancede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“exogenous sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS, a H 2 S donor) and CaCl 2 independently ameliorated the inhibitory effects of salt stress on tomato seedling growth”
e4“SlSR3 knockout mutants were more sensitive to salt stress, whereas overexpression of SlSR3 displayed enhanced salt tolerance”
Claim · model-written summary
SlSR3 protects tomato against salt-induced cell wall degradation by repressing genes implicated in cell wall degradation
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Gene
- SlSR3e5
- Outcome
- cell wall degradatione5
- Qualifier
- repressing the expression of genes implicated in cell wall degradatione5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“exogenous sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS, a H 2 S donor) and CaCl 2 independently ameliorated the inhibitory effects of salt stress on tomato seedling growth”
e5“SlSR3 conferred protection against salt stress-induced cell wall degradation and sustained its stability by repressing the expression of genes implicated in cell wall degradation”
Claim · model-written summary
NaHS did not enhance cell wall integrity or salt tolerance in SlSR3 knockout mutants
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Material
- SlSR3 knockout mutantse6
- Treatment
- NaHS treatmente6
- Outcome
- cell wall integrity or salt tolerancee6
- Direction
- did not enhancee6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“exogenous sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS, a H 2 S donor) and CaCl 2 independently ameliorated the inhibitory effects of salt stress on tomato seedling growth”
e6“NaHS treatment did not enhance cell wall integrity or salt tolerance in SlSR3 knockout mutants”
Claim · model-written summary
NaHS inhibited cell wall degradation in SlSR3-overexpressing tomato plants
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Material
- SlSR3 -overexpressing plantse7
- Treatment
- NaHS treatmente7
- Gene
- SlSR3e7
- Outcome
- cell wall degradatione7
- Direction
- inhibitede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“exogenous sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS, a H 2 S donor) and CaCl 2 independently ameliorated the inhibitory effects of salt stress on tomato seedling growth”
e7“NaHS treatment effectively inhibited cell wall degradation and improved salt tolerance in SlSR3 -overexpressing plants”
Claim · model-written summary
NaHS improved salt tolerance in SlSR3-overexpressing tomato plants
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Material
- SlSR3 -overexpressing plantse7
- Treatment
- NaHS treatmente7
- Gene
- SlSR3e7
- Outcome
- salt tolerancee7
- Direction
- improvede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“exogenous sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS, a H 2 S donor) and CaCl 2 independently ameliorated the inhibitory effects of salt stress on tomato seedling growth”
e7“NaHS treatment effectively inhibited cell wall degradation and improved salt tolerance in SlSR3 -overexpressing plants”
Claim · model-written summary
SlSR3 is likely implicated in H2S-mediated inhibition of cell wall degradation and enhanced salt tolerance in tomato seedlings
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Gene
- SlSR3e1
- Outcome
- cell wall degradatione1
- Qualifier
- H 2 S-mediated inhibitione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Therefore, SlSR3 is likely implicated in the H 2 S-mediated inhibition of cell wall degradation in tomato seedlings under salt stress, ultimately enhancing salt tolerance”
The same questions in other papers
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donor · growth · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
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hydrosulfide · growth · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.