Abstract
Abstract Tea plants ( Camellia sinensis ) demonstrate significant tolerance to aluminum (Al) and even require it for optimal growth. However, the mechanisms involved remain poorly understood. This study explored the responses of tea plants to varying Al concentrations at both metabolomic and transcriptomic levels. Compared to 0 mM Al treatment, low Al concentrations (0.4 mM) enhanced root vitality by 8.91%, while higher Al concentrations (10 and 100 mM) reduced root vigor by 19.31% and 76.81%, respectively. In a similar pattern, the electron transfer rate in leaves remained stable under low Al levels but significantly decreased under high Al conditions. Transcriptomic analysis showed a downregulation of genes associated with DNA replication in both Al-deficient and Al-toxic conditions, suggesting that Al may play an essential role in maintaining genomic stability during tea plant growth. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) identified 84 hub genes potentially involved in Al tolerance, including aluminum sensitive 3 ( CsALS3 ), xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase protein 23 ( CsXTH23 ), and arginine decarboxylase 2 ( CsADC2 ). Metabolomic analysis revealed that high Al concentrations suppressed pathways related to amino acid, lipid, and carbohydrate metabolism, yet several metabolites, such as putrescine, histidine, and epigallocatechin, were upregulated under high Al conditions. Combined pathway analysis indicated an upregulation of the putrescine biosynthetic pathway under high Al, highlighting its critical role in Al detoxification in tea plants. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive understanding of effects from Al on tea plant physiology, offering molecular and physiological insights into Al tolerance mechanisms and theoretical bases for optimizing tea cultivation in acidic soils.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Low 0.4 mM aluminum enhanced tea root vitality by 8.91% versus 0 mM.
Verbatim
e0“Compared to 0 mM Al treatment, low Al concentrations (0.4 mM) enhanced root vitality by 8.91%”
t0“Tea plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Aluminum at 10 mM reduced tea root vigor by 19.31%.
Verbatim
e0“higher Al concentrations (10 and 100 mM) reduced root vigor by 19.31% and 76.81%, respectively”
t0“Tea plants”
e1“Compared to 0 mM Al treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Aluminum at 100 mM reduced tea root vigor by 76.81%.
Verbatim
e0“higher Al concentrations (10 and 100 mM) reduced root vigor by 19.31% and 76.81%, respectively”
t0“Tea plants”
e1“Compared to 0 mM Al treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Tea leaf electron transfer rate remained stable at low aluminum.
- Taxon
- Tea plantst0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- low Al levelse0
- Outcome
- electron transfer ratee0
- Direction
- remained stablee0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“the electron transfer rate in leaves remained stable under low Al levels”
t0“Tea plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Tea leaf electron transfer rate significantly decreased at high aluminum.
- Taxon
- Tea plantst0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- high Al conditionse0
- Outcome
- electron transfer ratee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“the electron transfer rate in leaves remained stable under low Al levels but significantly decreased under high Al conditions”
t0“Tea plants”
Claim · model-written summary
DNA replication associated genes were downregulated in aluminum-deficient tea conditions.
Verbatim
e0“downregulation of genes associated with DNA replication in both Al-deficient and Al-toxic conditions”
t0“Tea plants”
Claim · model-written summary
DNA replication associated genes were downregulated in aluminum-toxic tea conditions.
Verbatim
e0“downregulation of genes associated with DNA replication in both Al-deficient and Al-toxic conditions”
t0“Tea plants”
Claim · model-written summary
WGCNA identified 84 candidate aluminum tolerance hub genes in tea.
Verbatim
e0“identified 84 hub genes potentially involved in Al tolerance, including aluminum sensitive 3 ( CsALS3 ), xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase protein 23 ( CsXTH23 ), and arginine decarboxylase 2 ( CsADC2 )”
t0“Tea plants”
Claim · model-written summary
High aluminum suppressed tea amino acid, lipid, and carbohydrate metabolism pathways.
- Taxon
- Tea plantst0
- Treatment
- high Al concentrationse0
- Outcome
- pathways related to amino acid, lipid, and carbohydrate metabolisme0
- Direction
- suppressede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“high Al concentrations suppressed pathways related to amino acid, lipid, and carbohydrate metabolism”
t0“Tea plants”
Claim · model-written summary
High aluminum upregulated tea putrescine, histidine, and epigallocatechin.
- Taxon
- Tea plantst0
- Treatment
- high Al conditionse0
- Outcome
- putrescine, histidine, and epigallocatechine0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“putrescine, histidine, and epigallocatechin, were upregulated under high Al conditions”
t0“Tea plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The putrescine biosynthetic pathway was upregulated under high aluminum in tea.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“upregulation of the putrescine biosynthetic pathway under high Al”
t0“Tea plants”
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