Abstract
In acidic soil conditions, aluminium (Al) limits crop growth and yields but benefits the growth of tea plants. Flavonols are suggested to form complexes with Al, enhancing Al accumulation in tea plants. The role of flavonols in promoting lateral root formation under Al stress remains unclear. Here, we identified a 7-rhamnosylated type of flavonol glycosides (F2-type) crucial for this process in tea roots. Al treatment significantly stimulated lateral root initiation and bud germination in tea plants, enhancing flavonol glycoside accumulation, particularly the F2-type. Most genes in the flavonol biosynthetic pathway were upregulated post-Al treatment, including CsUGT89AC2/3 genes, which catalyze F2-type flavonol glycosides synthesis in vitro and in vivo. Overexpression of CsUGT89AC2/3 increased lateral root occurrence, flavonol glycoside accumulation and expression of biosynthetic pathway genes in tea roots. Kaempferol treatment activated flavonol pathway genes and stimulated lateral root growth. Al treatment, kaempferol treatment and CsUGT89AC3 overexpression accelerated auxin accumulation and expression of auxin-related genes. Therefore, Al stimulates flavonol biosynthetic pathway gene expression, regulates F2-type flavonol biosynthesis, and influences auxin homoeostasis, promoting lateral root formation in tea plants. These findings lay the foundation for further investigation into the mechanisms underlying the Al-mediated promotion of lateral root initiation in tea plants.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Al treatment stimulated tea lateral root initiation and bud germination.
- Taxon
- Camellia sinensis
Camellia sinensist0 - Organ / stage
- lateral roote0
- Treatment
- Al treatmente0
- Outcome
- lateral root initiation and bud germinatione0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Al treatment significantly stimulated lateral root initiation and bud germination in tea plants, enhancing flavonol glycoside accumulation, particularly the F2-type”
t0“Camellia sinensis”
Claim · model-written summary
Al treatment enhanced flavonol glycoside accumulation, especially F2-type.
- Taxon
- Camellia sinensisCamellia sinensist0
- Treatment
- Al treatmente0
- Outcome
- flavonol glycoside accumulatione0
- Direction
- enhancinge0
- Qualifier
- particularly the F2-typee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Al treatment significantly stimulated lateral root initiation and bud germination in tea plants, enhancing flavonol glycoside accumulation, particularly the F2-type”
t0“Camellia sinensis”
Claim · model-written summary
Al treatment upregulated most flavonol biosynthetic pathway genes, including CsUGT89AC2/3.
- Taxon
- Camellia sinensisCamellia sinensist0
- Treatment
- Al treatmente0
- Gene
- CsUGT89AC2/3e0
- Outcome
- Most genes in the flavonol biosynthetic pathwaye0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Most genes in the flavonol biosynthetic pathway were upregulated post-Al treatment, including CsUGT89AC2/3 genes, which catalyze F2-type flavonol glycosides synthesis in vitro and in vivo”
t0“Camellia sinensis”
Claim · model-written summary
CsUGT89AC2/3 catalyzed F2-type flavonol glycoside synthesis in vitro and in vivo.
- Taxon
- Camellia sinensisCamellia sinensist0
- Gene
- CsUGT89AC2/3e0
- Outcome
- F2-type flavonol glycosides synthesise0
- Setting
- in vitro and in vivoe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Most genes in the flavonol biosynthetic pathway were upregulated post-Al treatment, including CsUGT89AC2/3 genes, which catalyze F2-type flavonol glycosides synthesis in vitro and in vivo”
t0“Camellia sinensis”
Claim · model-written summary
CsUGT89AC2/3 overexpression increased tea lateral root occurrence.
- Taxon
- Camellia sinensisCamellia sinensist0
- Treatment
- Overexpression of CsUGT89AC2/3e0
- Gene
- CsUGT89AC2/3e0
- Outcome
- lateral root occurrencee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Overexpression of CsUGT89AC2/3 increased lateral root occurrence, flavonol glycoside accumulation and expression of biosynthetic pathway genes in tea roots”
t0“Camellia sinensis”
Claim · model-written summary
CsUGT89AC2/3 overexpression increased flavonol glycoside accumulation.
- Taxon
- Camellia sinensisCamellia sinensist0
- Treatment
- Overexpression of CsUGT89AC2/3e0
- Outcome
- flavonol glycoside accumulatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Overexpression of CsUGT89AC2/3 increased lateral root occurrence, flavonol glycoside accumulation and expression of biosynthetic pathway genes in tea roots”
t0“Camellia sinensis”
Claim · model-written summary
CsUGT89AC2/3 overexpression increased biosynthetic pathway gene expression.
- Taxon
- Camellia sinensisCamellia sinensist0
- Treatment
- Overexpression of CsUGT89AC2/3e0
- Outcome
- expression of biosynthetic pathway genese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Overexpression of CsUGT89AC2/3 increased lateral root occurrence, flavonol glycoside accumulation and expression of biosynthetic pathway genes in tea roots”
t0“Camellia sinensis”
Claim · model-written summary
Kaempferol activated flavonol pathway genes.
- Taxon
- Camellia sinensisCamellia sinensist0
- Treatment
- Kaempferol treatmente0
- Outcome
- flavonol pathway genese0
- Direction
- activatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Kaempferol treatment activated flavonol pathway genes and stimulated lateral root growth”
t0“Camellia sinensis”
Claim · model-written summary
Kaempferol stimulated lateral root growth.
- Taxon
- Camellia sinensisCamellia sinensist0
- Treatment
- Kaempferol treatmente0
- Outcome
- lateral root growthe0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Kaempferol treatment activated flavonol pathway genes and stimulated lateral root growth”
t0“Camellia sinensis”
Claim · model-written summary
Al treatment accelerated auxin accumulation and auxin-related gene expression.
- Taxon
- Camellia sinensisCamellia sinensist0
- Treatment
- Al treatmente0
- Outcome
- auxin accumulation and expression of auxin-related genese0
- Direction
- acceleratede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Al treatment, kaempferol treatment and CsUGT89AC3 overexpression accelerated auxin accumulation and expression of auxin-related genes”
t0“Camellia sinensis”
Claim · model-written summary
Kaempferol treatment accelerated auxin accumulation and auxin-related gene expression.
- Taxon
- Camellia sinensisCamellia sinensist0
- Treatment
- kaempferol treatmente0
- Outcome
- auxin accumulation and expression of auxin-related genese0
- Direction
- acceleratede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Al treatment, kaempferol treatment and CsUGT89AC3 overexpression accelerated auxin accumulation and expression of auxin-related genes”
t0“Camellia sinensis”
Claim · model-written summary
CsUGT89AC3 overexpression accelerated auxin accumulation and auxin-related gene expression.
- Taxon
- Camellia sinensisCamellia sinensist0
- Treatment
- CsUGT89AC3 overexpressione0
- Outcome
- auxin accumulation and expression of auxin-related genese0
- Direction
- acceleratede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Al treatment, kaempferol treatment and CsUGT89AC3 overexpression accelerated auxin accumulation and expression of auxin-related genes”
t0“Camellia sinensis”
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