Abstract
Tea plants have adapted to grow in tropical acidic soils containing high concentrations of aluminum (Al) and fluoride (F) (as Al/F hyperaccumulators) and use secret organic acids (OAs) to acidify the rhizosphere for acquiring phosphorous and element nutrients. The self-enhanced rhizosphere acidification under Al/F stress and acid rain also render tea plants prone to accumulate more heavy metals and F, which raises significant food safety and health concerns. However, the mechanism behind this is not fully understood. Here, we report that tea plants responded to Al and F stresses by synthesizing and secreting OAs and altering profiles of amino acids, catechins, and caffeine in their roots. These organic compounds could form tea-plant mechanisms to tolerate lower pH and higher Al and F concentrations. Furthermore, high concentrations of Al and F stresses negatively affected the accumulation of tea secondary metabolites in young leaves, and thereby tea nutrient value. The young leaves of tea seedlings under Al and F stresses also tended to increase Al and F accumulation in young leaves but lower essential tea secondary metabolites, which challenged tea quality and safety. Comparisons of transcriptome data combined with metabolite profiling revealed that the corresponding metabolic gene expression supported and explained the metabolism changes in tea roots and young leaves via stresses from high concentrations of Al and F. The study provides new insight into Al- and F-stressed tea plants with regard to responsive metabolism changes and tolerance strategy establishment in tea plants and the impacts of Al/F stresses on metabolite compositions in young leaves used for making teas, which could influence tea nutritional value and food safety.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Tea roots synthesized and secreted organic acids under Al and F stress.
Not reportedOrgan / stageComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“tea plants responded to Al and F stresses by synthesizing and secreting OAs”
Claim · model-written summary
Al and F stress altered root amino acid, catechin and caffeine profiles.
- Taxon
- Teat0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- Aluminum and Fluoride Stressest0
- Outcome
- profiles of amino acids, catechins, and caffeinee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“altering profiles of amino acids, catechins, and caffeine in their roots.”
t0“Aluminum and Fluoride Stresses Altered Organic Acid and Secondary Metabolism in Tea”
Claim · model-written summary
High Al and F stress lowered secondary metabolite accumulation in young tea leaves.
- Taxon
- teae0
- Organ / stage
- young leavese0
- Treatment
- high concentrations of Al and F stressese0
- Outcome
- accumulation of tea secondary metabolitese0
- Direction
- negatively affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“high concentrations of Al and F stresses negatively affected the accumulation of tea secondary metabolites in young leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Al and F stressed tea seedlings tended to accumulate more Al and F in young leaves.
- Taxon
- teae0
- Organ / stage
- young leavese0
- Treatment
- Al and F stressese0
- Outcome
- Al and F accumulatione0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- tended toe0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The young leaves of tea seedlings under Al and F stresses also tended to increase Al and F accumulation in young leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Al and F stressed tea seedlings had lower essential secondary metabolites in young leaves.
- Taxon
- Teat0
- Treatment
- Aluminum and Fluoride Stressest0
- Outcome
- essential tea secondary metabolitese0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“but lower essential tea secondary metabolites, which challenged tea quality and safety.”
t0“Aluminum and Fluoride Stresses Altered Organic Acid and Secondary Metabolism in Tea”
Claim · model-written summary
Metabolic gene expression supported and explained stress induced metabolic changes in roots and young leaves.
Verbatim
e0“the corresponding metabolic gene expression supported and explained the metabolism changes in tea roots and young leaves via stresses from high concentrations of Al and F.”
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