Paper · 2025 · International Journal of Plant & Soil Science

Effect of Irrigation, Tillage, and Mulch Management on the Growth, Yield, and Quality of Baby Corn (Zea mays L.)

Asutosh Mishra; Akankshya Mohapatra; Monotosh Das Bairagya; et al.

20
claims
122
verbatim quotes
0
citations
2
research areas
✓
Open access

Abstract

Baby corn, being a high-yielding crop, requires of water per cycle, with irrigation during flowering and yield formation stages being most critical. Deficit irrigation, helps conserve water by reducing irrigation without major yield loss. The present study aimed to determines the effect of irrigation, tillage, and mulch management on the growth, yield, and quality of baby corn (Zea mays L.). A field experiment was conducted during the rabi season of 2024-25 at the Agricultural Research Station, Brinjhagiri, Chattabar of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Siksha O Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. The experimental site is situated in the South East Coastal Plain Zone of India, specifically at Latitude 20.46° N and Longitude 85.67° E. The experiment was conducted using a split-plot design with three replications. The main plot treatments comprised three irrigation levels: I1 (7 cm depth of irrigation at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after sowing), I2 (5 cm depth of irrigation at the same intervals), and I3 (3 cm depth of irrigation at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after sowing). The sub-plot treatments involved four conservation practices: C1 (zero tillage without mulch), C2 (zero tillage with paddy straw mulch at 4 t ha⁻¹), C3 (conventional tillage without mulch), and C4 (conventional tillage with paddy straw mulch at 4 t ha⁻¹). The experimental field was sandy loam in texture, slightly acidic in reaction pH (5.65), EC (7.35dS/m), low in soil organic carbon content (0.42%) and medium in available nitrogen (257.3 kg/ha), phosphorus (19.7 kg/ha) and potassium (174.8 kg/ha). The recommended dose of fertilizer @ 120-60- 60 N, P2O5, K2O kg/ha was used and the spacing of the crop was 50cm x 20cm. Effect of yield attributes, yield, uptake, quality, soil nutrient status, water use efficiency and economics of baby corn were significantly influenced by different irrigation levels and conservation practices management. At harvest, 7cm depth of irrigation 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after sowing recorded highest fresh corn weight (35.1 g/plant), corn yield (1.39 t/ha), green fodder yield (21.6 t/ha), biological yield (27.4 t/ha), crude protein content in corn (10.58%) and protein yield (147.18 kg/ha). Conventional tillage with paddy straw mulch @ 4t ha-1 recorded fresh corn weight (36.7 g/plants), corn yield (1.42 t/ha), green fodder yield (21.6t/ha), biological yield (28.1 t/ha), crude protein content and protein yield in corn (10.63% and 151.13 kg/ha) and in fodder (3.96% and 85.51 kg/ha). WUE recorded the highest (7.58 kg/ha-mm) in 3cm depth of irrigation at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after sowing + conventional tillage with paddy straw mulch @ 4t ha -1. From this experiment, it can be concluded that the corn yield (1.52 t/ha), and fodder yield (22.45 t/ha) observed maximum by 7cm depth of irrigation at 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks after sowing with conventional tillage + paddy straw mulch @ 4 t/ha. The gross return (Rs. 227850/-) and net return (Rs. 162383/-) recorded the highest in 7cm depth of irrigation at 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks after sowing with conventional tillage + paddy straw mulch @ 4 t/ha. The return per rupees investment calculated maximum (3.62) in 5cm depth of irrigation at 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks after sowing with zero tillage + paddy straw mulch @ 4 t/ha and being at par with 7cm depth of irrigation at 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks after sowing with zero tillage + paddy straw mulch @ 4 t/ha (3.58).

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Claims 20

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

fresh corn weight was highest under the stated irrigation or tillage practice.

Treatment
7cm depth of irrigatione1
Outcome
fresh corn weighte0
Direction
higheste0
Value
35.1 g/plante0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“highest fresh corn weight (35.1 g/plant)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2037–2077 · show in text ↑
t0

“Baby Corn (Zea mays L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 89–112 · show in text ↑
e1

“7cm depth of irrigation 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after sowing recorded highest fresh corn weight (35.1 g/plant)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1970–2077 · show in text ↑
e2

“Conventional tillage with paddy straw mulch @ 4t ha-1 recorded fresh corn weight (36.7 g/plants)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2238–2334 · show in text ↑
e3

“WUE recorded the highest (7.58 kg/ha-mm) in 3cm depth of irrigation at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after sowing + conventional tillage with paddy straw mulch @ 4t ha -1.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2534–2696 · show in text ↑
e4

“The return per rupees investment calculated maximum (3.62) in 5cm depth of irrigation at 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks after sowing”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 3140–3261 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

corn yield was highest under the stated irrigation or tillage practice.

Treatment
7cm depth of irrigatione1
Outcome
corn yielde0
Direction
higheste1
Value
1.39 t/hae0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“corn yield (1.39 t/ha)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2079–2101 · show in text ↑
t0

“Baby Corn (Zea mays L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 89–112 · show in text ↑
e1

“7cm depth of irrigation 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after sowing recorded highest fresh corn weight (35.1 g/plant)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1970–2077 · show in text ↑
e2

“Conventional tillage with paddy straw mulch @ 4t ha-1 recorded fresh corn weight (36.7 g/plants)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2238–2334 · show in text ↑
e3

“WUE recorded the highest (7.58 kg/ha-mm) in 3cm depth of irrigation at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after sowing + conventional tillage with paddy straw mulch @ 4t ha -1.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2534–2696 · show in text ↑
e4

“The return per rupees investment calculated maximum (3.62) in 5cm depth of irrigation at 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks after sowing”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 3140–3261 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

green fodder yield was highest under the stated irrigation or tillage practice.

Treatment
7cm depth of irrigatione1
Outcome
green fodder yielde0
Direction
higheste1
Value
21.6 t/hae0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“green fodder yield (21.6 t/ha)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2103–2133 · show in text ↑
t0

“Baby Corn (Zea mays L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 89–112 · show in text ↑
e1

“7cm depth of irrigation 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after sowing recorded highest fresh corn weight (35.1 g/plant)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1970–2077 · show in text ↑
e2

“Conventional tillage with paddy straw mulch @ 4t ha-1 recorded fresh corn weight (36.7 g/plants)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2238–2334 · show in text ↑
e3

“WUE recorded the highest (7.58 kg/ha-mm) in 3cm depth of irrigation at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after sowing + conventional tillage with paddy straw mulch @ 4t ha -1.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2534–2696 · show in text ↑
e4

“The return per rupees investment calculated maximum (3.62) in 5cm depth of irrigation at 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks after sowing”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 3140–3261 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

biological yield was highest under the stated irrigation or tillage practice.

Treatment
7cm depth of irrigatione1
Outcome
biological yielde0
Direction
higheste1
Value
27.4 t/hae0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“biological yield (27.4 t/ha)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2135–2163 · show in text ↑
t0

“Baby Corn (Zea mays L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 89–112 · show in text ↑
e1

“7cm depth of irrigation 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after sowing recorded highest fresh corn weight (35.1 g/plant)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1970–2077 · show in text ↑
e2

“Conventional tillage with paddy straw mulch @ 4t ha-1 recorded fresh corn weight (36.7 g/plants)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2238–2334 · show in text ↑
e3

“WUE recorded the highest (7.58 kg/ha-mm) in 3cm depth of irrigation at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after sowing + conventional tillage with paddy straw mulch @ 4t ha -1.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2534–2696 · show in text ↑
e4

“The return per rupees investment calculated maximum (3.62) in 5cm depth of irrigation at 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks after sowing”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 3140–3261 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

crude protein content in corn was highest under the stated irrigation or tillage practice.

Treatment
7cm depth of irrigatione1
Outcome
crude protein content in corne0
Direction
higheste1
Value
10.58%e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“crude protein content in corn (10.58%)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2165–2203 · show in text ↑
t0

“Baby Corn (Zea mays L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 89–112 · show in text ↑
e1

“7cm depth of irrigation 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after sowing recorded highest fresh corn weight (35.1 g/plant)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1970–2077 · show in text ↑
e2

“Conventional tillage with paddy straw mulch @ 4t ha-1 recorded fresh corn weight (36.7 g/plants)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2238–2334 · show in text ↑
e3

“WUE recorded the highest (7.58 kg/ha-mm) in 3cm depth of irrigation at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after sowing + conventional tillage with paddy straw mulch @ 4t ha -1.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2534–2696 · show in text ↑
e4

“The return per rupees investment calculated maximum (3.62) in 5cm depth of irrigation at 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks after sowing”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 3140–3261 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

protein yield was highest under the stated irrigation or tillage practice.

Treatment
7cm depth of irrigatione1
Outcome
protein yielde0
Direction
higheste1
Value
147.18 kg/hae0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“protein yield (147.18 kg/ha)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2208–2236 · show in text ↑
t0

“Baby Corn (Zea mays L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 89–112 · show in text ↑
e1

“7cm depth of irrigation 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after sowing recorded highest fresh corn weight (35.1 g/plant)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1970–2077 · show in text ↑
e2

“Conventional tillage with paddy straw mulch @ 4t ha-1 recorded fresh corn weight (36.7 g/plants)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2238–2334 · show in text ↑
e3

“WUE recorded the highest (7.58 kg/ha-mm) in 3cm depth of irrigation at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after sowing + conventional tillage with paddy straw mulch @ 4t ha -1.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2534–2696 · show in text ↑
e4

“The return per rupees investment calculated maximum (3.62) in 5cm depth of irrigation at 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks after sowing”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 3140–3261 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

fresh corn weight was highest under the stated irrigation or tillage practice.

Treatment
conventional tillage with paddy straw mulche2
Outcome
fresh corn weighte0
Direction
higheste1
Value
36.7 g/plantse0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“fresh corn weight (36.7 g/plants)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2301–2334 · show in text ↑
t0

“Baby Corn (Zea mays L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 89–112 · show in text ↑
e1

“7cm depth of irrigation 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after sowing recorded highest fresh corn weight (35.1 g/plant)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1970–2077 · show in text ↑
e2

“Conventional tillage with paddy straw mulch @ 4t ha-1 recorded fresh corn weight (36.7 g/plants)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2238–2334 · show in text ↑
e3

“WUE recorded the highest (7.58 kg/ha-mm) in 3cm depth of irrigation at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after sowing + conventional tillage with paddy straw mulch @ 4t ha -1.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2534–2696 · show in text ↑
e4

“The return per rupees investment calculated maximum (3.62) in 5cm depth of irrigation at 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks after sowing”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 3140–3261 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

corn yield was highest under the stated irrigation or tillage practice.

Treatment
conventional tillage with paddy straw mulche2
Outcome
corn yielde0
Direction
higheste1
Value
1.42 t/hae0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“corn yield (1.42 t/ha)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2336–2358 · show in text ↑
t0

“Baby Corn (Zea mays L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 89–112 · show in text ↑
e1

“7cm depth of irrigation 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after sowing recorded highest fresh corn weight (35.1 g/plant)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1970–2077 · show in text ↑
e2

“Conventional tillage with paddy straw mulch @ 4t ha-1 recorded fresh corn weight (36.7 g/plants)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2238–2334 · show in text ↑
e3

“WUE recorded the highest (7.58 kg/ha-mm) in 3cm depth of irrigation at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after sowing + conventional tillage with paddy straw mulch @ 4t ha -1.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2534–2696 · show in text ↑
e4

“The return per rupees investment calculated maximum (3.62) in 5cm depth of irrigation at 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks after sowing”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 3140–3261 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

green fodder yield was highest under the stated irrigation or tillage practice.

Treatment
conventional tillage with paddy straw mulche2
Outcome
green fodder yielde0
Direction
higheste1
Value
21.6t/hae0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“green fodder yield (21.6t/ha)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2360–2389 · show in text ↑
t0

“Baby Corn (Zea mays L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 89–112 · show in text ↑
e1

“7cm depth of irrigation 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after sowing recorded highest fresh corn weight (35.1 g/plant)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1970–2077 · show in text ↑
e2

“Conventional tillage with paddy straw mulch @ 4t ha-1 recorded fresh corn weight (36.7 g/plants)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2238–2334 · show in text ↑
e3

“WUE recorded the highest (7.58 kg/ha-mm) in 3cm depth of irrigation at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after sowing + conventional tillage with paddy straw mulch @ 4t ha -1.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2534–2696 · show in text ↑
e4

“The return per rupees investment calculated maximum (3.62) in 5cm depth of irrigation at 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks after sowing”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 3140–3261 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

biological yield was highest under the stated irrigation or tillage practice.

Treatment
conventional tillage with paddy straw mulche2
Outcome
biological yielde0
Direction
higheste1
Value
28.1 t/hae0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“biological yield (28.1 t/ha)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2391–2419 · show in text ↑
t0

“Baby Corn (Zea mays L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 89–112 · show in text ↑
e1

“7cm depth of irrigation 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after sowing recorded highest fresh corn weight (35.1 g/plant)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1970–2077 · show in text ↑
e2

“Conventional tillage with paddy straw mulch @ 4t ha-1 recorded fresh corn weight (36.7 g/plants)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2238–2334 · show in text ↑
e3

“WUE recorded the highest (7.58 kg/ha-mm) in 3cm depth of irrigation at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after sowing + conventional tillage with paddy straw mulch @ 4t ha -1.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2534–2696 · show in text ↑
e4

“The return per rupees investment calculated maximum (3.62) in 5cm depth of irrigation at 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks after sowing”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 3140–3261 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

crude protein content was highest under the stated irrigation or tillage practice.

Treatment
conventional tillage with paddy straw mulche2
Outcome
crude protein contente0
Direction
higheste1
Value
10.63%e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“crude protein content and protein yield in corn (10.63%”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2421–2476 · show in text ↑
t0

“Baby Corn (Zea mays L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 89–112 · show in text ↑
e1

“7cm depth of irrigation 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after sowing recorded highest fresh corn weight (35.1 g/plant)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1970–2077 · show in text ↑
e2

“Conventional tillage with paddy straw mulch @ 4t ha-1 recorded fresh corn weight (36.7 g/plants)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2238–2334 · show in text ↑
e3

“WUE recorded the highest (7.58 kg/ha-mm) in 3cm depth of irrigation at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after sowing + conventional tillage with paddy straw mulch @ 4t ha -1.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2534–2696 · show in text ↑
e4

“The return per rupees investment calculated maximum (3.62) in 5cm depth of irrigation at 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks after sowing”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 3140–3261 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

protein yield in corn was highest under the stated irrigation or tillage practice.

Treatment
conventional tillage with paddy straw mulche2
Outcome
protein yield in corne0
Direction
higheste1
Value
151.13 kg/hae0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“protein yield in corn (10.63% and 151.13 kg/ha)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2447–2494 · show in text ↑
t0

“Baby Corn (Zea mays L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 89–112 · show in text ↑
e1

“7cm depth of irrigation 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after sowing recorded highest fresh corn weight (35.1 g/plant)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1970–2077 · show in text ↑
e2

“Conventional tillage with paddy straw mulch @ 4t ha-1 recorded fresh corn weight (36.7 g/plants)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2238–2334 · show in text ↑
e3

“WUE recorded the highest (7.58 kg/ha-mm) in 3cm depth of irrigation at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after sowing + conventional tillage with paddy straw mulch @ 4t ha -1.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2534–2696 · show in text ↑
e4

“The return per rupees investment calculated maximum (3.62) in 5cm depth of irrigation at 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks after sowing”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 3140–3261 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

crude protein content was highest under the stated irrigation or tillage practice.

Treatment
conventional tillage with paddy straw mulche2
Outcome
crude protein contente5
Direction
higheste1
Value
3.96%e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“in fodder (3.96% and 85.51 kg/ha)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2499–2532 · show in text ↑
t0

“Baby Corn (Zea mays L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 89–112 · show in text ↑
e1

“7cm depth of irrigation 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after sowing recorded highest fresh corn weight (35.1 g/plant)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1970–2077 · show in text ↑
e2

“Conventional tillage with paddy straw mulch @ 4t ha-1 recorded fresh corn weight (36.7 g/plants)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2238–2334 · show in text ↑
e3

“WUE recorded the highest (7.58 kg/ha-mm) in 3cm depth of irrigation at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after sowing + conventional tillage with paddy straw mulch @ 4t ha -1.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2534–2696 · show in text ↑
e4

“The return per rupees investment calculated maximum (3.62) in 5cm depth of irrigation at 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks after sowing”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 3140–3261 · show in text ↑
e5

“crude protein content and protein yield in corn (10.63% and 151.13 kg/ha)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2421–2494 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

protein yield was highest under the stated irrigation or tillage practice.

Treatment
conventional tillage with paddy straw mulche2
Outcome
protein yielde5
Direction
higheste1
Value
85.51 kg/hae0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“in fodder (3.96% and 85.51 kg/ha)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2499–2532 · show in text ↑
t0

“Baby Corn (Zea mays L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 89–112 · show in text ↑
e1

“7cm depth of irrigation 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after sowing recorded highest fresh corn weight (35.1 g/plant)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1970–2077 · show in text ↑
e2

“Conventional tillage with paddy straw mulch @ 4t ha-1 recorded fresh corn weight (36.7 g/plants)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2238–2334 · show in text ↑
e3

“WUE recorded the highest (7.58 kg/ha-mm) in 3cm depth of irrigation at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after sowing + conventional tillage with paddy straw mulch @ 4t ha -1.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2534–2696 · show in text ↑
e4

“The return per rupees investment calculated maximum (3.62) in 5cm depth of irrigation at 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks after sowing”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 3140–3261 · show in text ↑
e5

“protein yield in corn (10.63% and 151.13 kg/ha)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2447–2494 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

WUE was highest under the stated irrigation or tillage practice.

Treatment
3cm depth of irrigatione3
Outcome
WUEe0
Direction
higheste0
Value
7.58 kg/ha-mme0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“WUE recorded the highest (7.58 kg/ha-mm)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2534–2574 · show in text ↑
t0

“Baby Corn (Zea mays L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 89–112 · show in text ↑
e1

“7cm depth of irrigation 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after sowing recorded highest fresh corn weight (35.1 g/plant)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1970–2077 · show in text ↑
e2

“Conventional tillage with paddy straw mulch @ 4t ha-1 recorded fresh corn weight (36.7 g/plants)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2238–2334 · show in text ↑
e3

“WUE recorded the highest (7.58 kg/ha-mm) in 3cm depth of irrigation at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after sowing + conventional tillage with paddy straw mulch @ 4t ha -1.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2534–2696 · show in text ↑
e4

“The return per rupees investment calculated maximum (3.62) in 5cm depth of irrigation at 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks after sowing”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 3140–3261 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

corn yield was highest under the stated irrigation or tillage practice.

Treatment
7cm depth of irrigatione1
Outcome
corn yielde0
Direction
maximume4
Value
1.52 t/hae0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“corn yield (1.52 t/ha)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2748–2770 · show in text ↑
t0

“Baby Corn (Zea mays L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 89–112 · show in text ↑
e1

“7cm depth of irrigation 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after sowing recorded highest fresh corn weight (35.1 g/plant)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1970–2077 · show in text ↑
e2

“Conventional tillage with paddy straw mulch @ 4t ha-1 recorded fresh corn weight (36.7 g/plants)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2238–2334 · show in text ↑
e3

“WUE recorded the highest (7.58 kg/ha-mm) in 3cm depth of irrigation at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after sowing + conventional tillage with paddy straw mulch @ 4t ha -1.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2534–2696 · show in text ↑
e4

“The return per rupees investment calculated maximum (3.62) in 5cm depth of irrigation at 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks after sowing”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 3140–3261 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

fodder yield was highest under the stated irrigation or tillage practice.

Treatment
7cm depth of irrigatione1
Outcome
fodder yielde0
Direction
maximume4
Value
22.45 t/hae0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“fodder yield (22.45 t/ha)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2776–2801 · show in text ↑
t0

“Baby Corn (Zea mays L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 89–112 · show in text ↑
e1

“7cm depth of irrigation 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after sowing recorded highest fresh corn weight (35.1 g/plant)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1970–2077 · show in text ↑
e2

“Conventional tillage with paddy straw mulch @ 4t ha-1 recorded fresh corn weight (36.7 g/plants)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2238–2334 · show in text ↑
e3

“WUE recorded the highest (7.58 kg/ha-mm) in 3cm depth of irrigation at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after sowing + conventional tillage with paddy straw mulch @ 4t ha -1.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2534–2696 · show in text ↑
e4

“The return per rupees investment calculated maximum (3.62) in 5cm depth of irrigation at 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks after sowing”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 3140–3261 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

gross return was highest under the stated irrigation or tillage practice.

Treatment
7cm depth of irrigatione1
Outcome
gross returne0
Direction
higheste1
Value
Rs. 227850/-e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“gross return (Rs. 227850/-)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2942–2969 · show in text ↑
t0

“Baby Corn (Zea mays L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 89–112 · show in text ↑
e1

“7cm depth of irrigation 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after sowing recorded highest fresh corn weight (35.1 g/plant)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1970–2077 · show in text ↑
e2

“Conventional tillage with paddy straw mulch @ 4t ha-1 recorded fresh corn weight (36.7 g/plants)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2238–2334 · show in text ↑
e3

“WUE recorded the highest (7.58 kg/ha-mm) in 3cm depth of irrigation at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after sowing + conventional tillage with paddy straw mulch @ 4t ha -1.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2534–2696 · show in text ↑
e4

“The return per rupees investment calculated maximum (3.62) in 5cm depth of irrigation at 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks after sowing”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 3140–3261 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

net return was highest under the stated irrigation or tillage practice.

Treatment
7cm depth of irrigatione1
Outcome
net returne0
Direction
higheste1
Value
Rs. 162383/-e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“net return (Rs. 162383/-)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2974–2999 · show in text ↑
t0

“Baby Corn (Zea mays L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 89–112 · show in text ↑
e1

“7cm depth of irrigation 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after sowing recorded highest fresh corn weight (35.1 g/plant)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1970–2077 · show in text ↑
e2

“Conventional tillage with paddy straw mulch @ 4t ha-1 recorded fresh corn weight (36.7 g/plants)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2238–2334 · show in text ↑
e3

“WUE recorded the highest (7.58 kg/ha-mm) in 3cm depth of irrigation at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after sowing + conventional tillage with paddy straw mulch @ 4t ha -1.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2534–2696 · show in text ↑
e4

“The return per rupees investment calculated maximum (3.62) in 5cm depth of irrigation at 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks after sowing”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 3140–3261 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

return per rupees investment was highest under the stated irrigation or tillage practice.

Treatment
5cm depth of irrigatione4
Outcome
return per rupees investmente0
Direction
maximume0
Value
3.62e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“return per rupees investment calculated maximum (3.62)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 3144–3198 · show in text ↑
t0

“Baby Corn (Zea mays L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 89–112 · show in text ↑
e1

“7cm depth of irrigation 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after sowing recorded highest fresh corn weight (35.1 g/plant)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1970–2077 · show in text ↑
e2

“Conventional tillage with paddy straw mulch @ 4t ha-1 recorded fresh corn weight (36.7 g/plants)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2238–2334 · show in text ↑
e3

“WUE recorded the highest (7.58 kg/ha-mm) in 3cm depth of irrigation at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after sowing + conventional tillage with paddy straw mulch @ 4t ha -1.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2534–2696 · show in text ↑
e4

“The return per rupees investment calculated maximum (3.62) in 5cm depth of irrigation at 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks after sowing”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 3140–3261 · show in text ↑

irrigation · quality: protein · Zea mays (maize)Results differ

39 papers: 25 positive, 14 negative or no effect

24 papers in the same direction as this paper · 14 in the opposite direction

  1. negative
  2. no effect
  3. no effect

35 papers more in this group

See all 39 papers →

organic · quality: protein · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results

11 papers: 10 positive, 1 negative or no effect

9 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction

  1. no effect
  2. positive
  3. positive

7 papers more in this group

See all 11 papers →

organic · organism · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results

18 papers: 15 positive, 3 negative or no effect

14 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction

  1. negative
  2. no effect
  3. no effect

14 papers more in this group

See all 18 papers →

tillage · quality: protein · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results

30 papers: 22 positive, 8 negative or no effect

21 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. no effect
  2. no effect
  3. negative

26 papers more in this group

See all 30 papers →

irrigation · organism · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results

32 papers: 19 positive, 13 negative or no effect

18 papers in the same direction as this paper · 13 in the opposite direction

  1. no effect
  2. negative
  3. negative

28 papers more in this group

See all 32 papers →

tillage · organism · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results

45 papers: 27 positive, 18 negative or no effect

26 papers in the same direction as this paper · 18 in the opposite direction

  1. negative
  2. negative
  3. negative

41 papers more in this group

See all 45 papers →

irrigation · physiology: water · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results

324 papers: 284 positive, 40 negative or no effect

283 papers in the same direction as this paper · 39 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. no effect
  2. negative
  3. negative

320 papers more in this group

See all 324 papers →

organic · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results

373 papers: 330 positive, 43 negative or no effect

329 papers in the same direction as this paper · 32 in the opposite direction · 11 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. no effect
  2. negative
  3. no effect

369 papers more in this group

See all 373 papers →

8 of 10 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.