Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a major threat to wheat production that is caused by toxigenic species of the Fusarium graminearum complex. This study aimed to investigate the biochemical and molecular defense responses of Brazilian wheat genotypes (BRS 194, BRS Parrudo, and Frontana) with contrasting FHB susceptibilities following inoculation with F. graminearum (deoxynivalenol producer) and F. meridionale (nivalenol producer). Temporal patterns of antioxidant enzymes, defense-related enzymes, and gene expression (ABC-Transporter and Ca2+-ATPase) were analyzed from 12 to 96 h after inoculation. The ANOVA results revealed significant effects of genotypes, inoculation, and time after inoculation on most of the evaluated enzymatic activities. Frontana exhibited high basal activity for most enzymes, and after inoculation, the enzyme activity was higher than in other genotypes. BRS 194 presented delayed and fragmented activation patterns, particularly under DON-producing pathogen infection. According to the transcriptome results, inoculation with the NIV-producing pathogen upregulated both genes, reaching up to an 18-fold increase. BRS 194 showed an upregulated transcript pattern from the early hours after inoculation. Frontana showed increased transcript levels, reaching 12-fold, under DON-producing pathogen infection. These findings show that biochemical and molecular responses varied depending on genotype and the chemotype of the Fusarium isolate, highlighting the importance of early, coordinated defense activation in FHB resistance.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Frontana had high basal activity for most enzymes.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume1 - Material
- Frontanae5
- Outcome
- basal activity for most enzymese5
- Qualifier
- highe5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a major threat to wheat production that is caused by toxigenic species of the Fusarium graminearum complex”
e5“Frontana exhibited high basal activity for most enzymes, and after inoculation, the enzyme activity was higher than in other genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
After inoculation, enzyme activity in Frontana was higher than in other genotypes.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Material
- Frontanae5
- Treatment
- inoculatione5
- Interactor
- F. graminearum
_on_Corn_(Zea_mays)_at_Waimea%2C_Hawaii.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium graminearume2pathogen - Second interactor
- F. meridionaleFusarium meridionalee2pathogen
- Outcome
- enzyme activitye5
- Direction
- highere5
- Comparator
- other genotypese5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_on_Corn_(Zea_mays)_at_Waimea%2C_Hawaii.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e1“Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a major threat to wheat production that is caused by toxigenic species of the Fusarium graminearum complex”
e2“following inoculation with F. graminearum (deoxynivalenol producer) and F. meridionale (nivalenol producer)”
e5“Frontana exhibited high basal activity for most enzymes, and after inoculation, the enzyme activity was higher than in other genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
BRS 194 showed delayed and fragmented activation patterns, particularly under DON-producing pathogen infection.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Material
- BRS 194e6
- Treatment
- DON-producing pathogen infectione6
- Interactor
- DON-producing pathogene6pathogen
- Outcome
- activation patternse6
- Qualifier
- delayed and fragmentede6
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a major threat to wheat production that is caused by toxigenic species of the Fusarium graminearum complex”
e6“BRS 194 presented delayed and fragmented activation patterns, particularly under DON-producing pathogen infection”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation with the NIV-producing pathogen upregulated both genes, reaching up to an 18-fold increase.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- inoculation with the NIV-producing pathogene7
- Interactor
- NIV-producing pathogene7pathogen
- Gene
- ABC-Transporter and Ca2+-ATPasee3
- Outcome
- gene expressione3
- Direction
- upregulatede7
- Value
- 18-folde7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a major threat to wheat production that is caused by toxigenic species of the Fusarium graminearum complex”
e3“Temporal patterns of antioxidant enzymes, defense-related enzymes, and gene expression (ABC-Transporter and Ca2+-ATPase) were analyzed from 12 to 96 h after inoculation”
e7“According to the transcriptome results, inoculation with the NIV-producing pathogen upregulated both genes, reaching up to an 18-fold increase”
Claim · model-written summary
BRS 194 showed an upregulated transcript pattern from the early hours after inoculation.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Material
- BRS 194e2
- Treatment
- inoculatione2
- Outcome
- transcript patterne2
- Direction
- upregulatede2
- Qualifier
- from the early hourse2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a major threat to wheat production that is caused by toxigenic species of the Fusarium graminearum complex”
e2“BRS 194 showed an upregulated transcript pattern from the early hours after inoculation”
Claim · model-written summary
Frontana showed increased transcript levels, reaching 12-fold, under DON-producing pathogen infection.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Material
- Frontanae2
- Treatment
- DON-producing pathogen infectione2
- Interactor
- DON-producing pathogene2pathogen
- Outcome
- transcript levelse2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 12-folde2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a major threat to wheat production that is caused by toxigenic species of the Fusarium graminearum complex”
e2“Frontana showed increased transcript levels, reaching 12-fold, under DON-producing pathogen infection”
Claim · model-written summary
Genotype, inoculation and time after inoculation had significant effects on most of the evaluated enzymatic activities.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- enzymatic activitiese4
- Qualifier
- significant effects of genotypes, inoculation, and time after inoculatione4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a major threat to wheat production that is caused by toxigenic species of the Fusarium graminearum complex”
e4“The ANOVA results revealed significant effects of genotypes, inoculation, and time after inoculation on most of the evaluated enzymatic activities”
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