Effect of foliar application of nutrients and growth regulators on productivity, nutrient uptake of summer Green gram (Vigna radiata L.)

Abstract

ABSTRACT A field experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Station, Chhatabar farm of the Institute of Agricultural Sciences , Siksha “O” Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, under East and South-Eastern Coastal Plain Agro-climatic zone of Odisha during summer season of 2021on sandy loam soil to evaluate the foliar spray (FS) once ( 30DAS) or twice ( 30 and 45 days after sowing) of water soluble nutrients NPK 19:19:19, micronutrient boron, growth regulators salicylic acid (SA), naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and brassinolide (BR) on yield and yield attributing characters of Green gram. Application of RDF(20:40:20:20 Kg N:P2O5:K2O:S/ha) + 2 FS NPK(19:19:19) @ 2 % spray recorded the highest seed yield (1201 kg/ha) which was at par with RDF + 2FS of B, RDF + 2FS BR, RDF +1FS of B, and RDF + 1FS NPK. Foliar application of water soluble nutrients, and growth regulators produced better effects on seed yield and yield attributing characters in green gram, increased the N, P and K content as well as N, P and K uptake of both seed and stover, enriched protein content in seed, enhanced available nutrient status of soil and nutrient use efficiency of summer green gram in comparison to soil application (RDF) alone. Among them RDF + 2 FS NPK foliar spray at 30 and 45 DAS recorded maximum seed yield, high protein (23.13%) containing seed, high nutrient content, uptake, and available nutrient (N, P and K)of soil could be recommended to enhance seed yield, yield attributes, quality parameters, nutrient uptake and soil nutrient status of summer green gram.

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The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.

Claims 10

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

RDF plus two NPK foliar sprays at 2% gave the highest green gram seed yield (1201 kg/ha).

Taxon: Green gramVigna radiata var. radiatat0
Treatment: RDF(20:40:20:20 Kg N:P2O5:K2O:S/ha) + 2 FS NPK(19:19:19) @ 2 % spraye1
Outcome: seed yielde1
Direction: higheste1
Value: 1201 kg/hae1
Setting: Chhatabar farme0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

*Vigna radiata var. radiata* · Taxon · picture of the speciesIvar Leidus · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0
“summer Green gram (Vigna radiata L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 100–136 · show in text ↑

e0
“A field experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Station, Chhatabar farm of the Institute of Agricultural Sciences”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 9–132 · show in text ↑

e1
“Application of RDF(20:40:20:20 Kg N:P2O5:K2O:S/ha) + 2 FS NPK(19:19:19) @ 2 % spray recorded the highest seed yield (1201 kg/ha)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 614–742 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

RDF plus foliar B, BR, or single NPK sprays gave green gram seed yield at par with the highest-yielding RDF plus two NPK sprays.

Taxon: Green gramVigna radiata var. radiatat0
Treatment: RDF + 2FS of B, RDF + 2FS BR, RDF +1FS of B, and RDF + 1FS NPKe2
Outcome: seed yielde1
Direction: at pare2
Comparator: RDF(20:40:20:20 Kg N:P2O5:K2O:S/ha) + 2 FS NPK(19:19:19)e1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

t0
“summer Green gram (Vigna radiata L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 100–136 · show in text ↑

e1
“Application of RDF(20:40:20:20 Kg N:P2O5:K2O:S/ha) + 2 FS NPK(19:19:19) @ 2 % spray recorded the highest seed yield (1201 kg/ha)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 614–742 · show in text ↑

e2
“which was at par with RDF + 2FS of B, RDF + 2FS BR, RDF +1FS of B, and RDF + 1FS NPK”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 743–827 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Foliar application of water soluble nutrients and growth regulators gave better seed yield and yield attributes than soil RDF alone.

Taxon: green gramVigna radiata var. radiatae3
Treatment: Foliar application of water soluble nutrients, and growth regulatorse3
Outcome: seed yield and yield attributing characterse3
Direction: bettere3
Comparator: soil application (RDF) alonee6

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e3
“Foliar application of water soluble nutrients, and growth regulators produced better effects on seed yield and yield attributing characters in green gram”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 829–982 · show in text ↑

e6
“enhanced available nutrient status of soil and nutrient use efficiency of summer green gram in comparison to soil application (RDF) alone”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1105–1242 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Foliar nutrient and growth regulator application increased N, P and K content and uptake in green gram seed and stover compared with soil RDF alone.

Taxon: green gramVigna radiata var. radiatae3
Treatment: Foliar application of water soluble nutrients, and growth regulatorse3
Outcome: N, P and K content as well as N, P and K uptakee4
Direction: increasede4
Qualifier: of both seed and stovere4
Comparator: soil application (RDF) alonee6

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e3
“Foliar application of water soluble nutrients, and growth regulators produced better effects on seed yield and yield attributing characters in green gram”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 829–982 · show in text ↑

e4
“increased the N, P and K content as well as N, P and K uptake of both seed and stover”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 984–1069 · show in text ↑

e6
“enhanced available nutrient status of soil and nutrient use efficiency of summer green gram in comparison to soil application (RDF) alone”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1105–1242 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Foliar nutrient and growth regulator application enriched protein content in green gram seed compared with soil RDF alone.

Taxon: green gramVigna radiata var. radiatae3
Treatment: Foliar application of water soluble nutrients, and growth regulatorse3
Outcome: protein content in seede5
Direction: enrichede5
Comparator: soil application (RDF) alonee6

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e3
“Foliar application of water soluble nutrients, and growth regulators produced better effects on seed yield and yield attributing characters in green gram”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 829–982 · show in text ↑

e5
“enriched protein content in seed”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1071–1103 · show in text ↑

e6
“enhanced available nutrient status of soil and nutrient use efficiency of summer green gram in comparison to soil application (RDF) alone”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1105–1242 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Foliar nutrient and growth regulator application enhanced available nutrient status of soil compared with soil RDF alone.

Taxon: green gramVigna radiata var. radiatae3
Treatment: Foliar application of water soluble nutrients, and growth regulatorse3
Outcome: available nutrient status of soile6
Direction: enhancede6
Comparator: soil application (RDF) alonee6

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e3
“Foliar application of water soluble nutrients, and growth regulators produced better effects on seed yield and yield attributing characters in green gram”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 829–982 · show in text ↑

e6
“enhanced available nutrient status of soil and nutrient use efficiency of summer green gram in comparison to soil application (RDF) alone”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1105–1242 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Foliar nutrient and growth regulator application enhanced nutrient use efficiency of green gram compared with soil RDF alone.

Taxon: green gramVigna radiata var. radiatae3
Treatment: Foliar application of water soluble nutrients, and growth regulatorse3
Outcome: nutrient use efficiencye6
Direction: enhancede6
Comparator: soil application (RDF) alonee6

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e3
“Foliar application of water soluble nutrients, and growth regulators produced better effects on seed yield and yield attributing characters in green gram”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 829–982 · show in text ↑

e6
“enhanced available nutrient status of soil and nutrient use efficiency of summer green gram in comparison to soil application (RDF) alone”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1105–1242 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

RDF plus two NPK foliar sprays at 30 and 45 DAS gave the maximum green gram seed yield.

Taxon: Green gramVigna radiata var. radiatat0
Treatment: RDF + 2 FS NPK foliar spray at 30 and 45 DASe7
Outcome: seed yielde7
Direction: maximume7

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

t0
“summer Green gram (Vigna radiata L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 100–136 · show in text ↑

e7
“Among them RDF + 2 FS NPK foliar spray at 30 and 45 DAS recorded maximum seed yield, high protein (23.13%) containing seed, high nutrient content, uptake, and available nutrient (N, P and K)of soil could be recommended to enhance seed yield”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1244–1484 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

RDF plus two NPK foliar sprays at 30 and 45 DAS gave high green gram seed protein (23.13%).

Taxon: Green gramVigna radiata var. radiatat0
Treatment: RDF + 2 FS NPK foliar spray at 30 and 45 DASe7
Outcome: proteine7
Direction: highe7
Value: 23.13%e7

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

t0
“summer Green gram (Vigna radiata L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 100–136 · show in text ↑

e7
“Among them RDF + 2 FS NPK foliar spray at 30 and 45 DAS recorded maximum seed yield, high protein (23.13%) containing seed, high nutrient content, uptake, and available nutrient (N, P and K)of soil could be recommended to enhance seed yield”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1244–1484 · show in text ↑

Recommendationauthor interpretationoriginal resultbasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

RDF plus two NPK foliar sprays at 30 and 45 DAS could be recommended to enhance green gram seed yield and nutrient status.

Taxon: Green gramVigna radiata var. radiatat0
Outcome: RDF + 2 FS NPK foliar spray at 30 and 45 DASe7
Qualifier: to enhance seed yielde7

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

t0
“summer Green gram (Vigna radiata L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 100–136 · show in text ↑

e7
“Among them RDF + 2 FS NPK foliar spray at 30 and 45 DAS recorded maximum seed yield, high protein (23.13%) containing seed, high nutrient content, uptake, and available nutrient (N, P and K)of soil could be recommended to enhance seed yield”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1244–1484 · show in text ↑

brassinolide · yield · Vigna radiata (mung bean)Positive and negative results

3 papers: 2 positive, 1 negative or no effect

2 reporting no difference from an alternative

positive
Brassinolide 0.25 ppm significantly increased number of flowers per plant to 39.30 in IPM- 0203.
Effect of Plant Growth Regulators (PGRs) and Micronutrients on Flowering and Yield Parameters of Green Gram (Vigna radiate L.) · 2017 · compared with control
No difference from an alternative
positive
Brassinolide 0.25% with 35 cm x 10 cm spacing gave the highest pod number (42.00 per plant)
Effect of Plant Growth Regulator and Crop Geometry on Growth and Yield of Green Gram (Vigna radiata L.) · 2024
No difference from an alternative

See all 3 papers →

fertilization · quality: protein · Vigna radiata (mung bean)Results differ

39 papers: 37 positive, 2 negative or no effect

36 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction

no effect
Nitrogen fertilization up to 60 kg/ha failed to increase mungbean protein content.
Variation in grain yield, protein content and other agronomic characters in mungbean (Vigna radiata (L) wilczek) · 1983
Opposite direction
no effect
Organic manure treatments had nonsignificant responses for protein and seed, haulm and soil micronutrient content, except seed Mn.
Nutrient Management Through Organic Sources in Summer Green Gram · 2024 · compared with no manures (control) treatment
Opposite direction
positive
With 100% RDF, seed protein reached 21.39%.
Response of mungbean to NPK and lime under the conditions of Vindhyan Region of Uttar Pradesh · 2017
Same direction

35 papers more in this group

See all 39 papers →

phosphorus · yield · Vigna radiata (mung bean)Results differ

179 papers: 175 positive, 4 negative or no effect

174 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative

negative
RDF alone gave significantly lower seed yield (256.7 kg/ha) than the Autonagar compost treatment.
Influence of urban compost on the yield and water productivity of green gram (Vigna Radiate L.) · 2019 · compared with urban compost from Autonagar (Urban Compost–II) @ 5.0 t ha-1 along with RDF
Opposite direction
no effect
Rock phosphate alone did not significantly increase grain yield.
AGRONOMIC EFFECTIVENESS OF ORGANIC SOURCES AND MUSSOORIE ROCK PHOSPHATE TO PHOSPHORUS ECONOMY IN RAINFED GREEN GRAM · 1997
Opposite direction
no effect
P application did not influence number of pods per plant or number of seeds per pod.
Studies on the Response of Co. 2 Green Gram (Phaseolus aureus Roxb.) to Phosphorus Application · 1979
Opposite direction

175 papers more in this group

See all 179 papers →

class · yield · Vigna radiata (mung bean)Positive and negative results

22 papers: 20 positive, 2 negative or no effect

19 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative

no effect
Cytokinin had no significant effect on pod number per pot or flowers per pot in mungbean.
Influence of soil moisture levels and cytokinin application on the formation of hardseeds in mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) variety ‘Harsha’ · 2026 · compared with without cytokinin
Opposite direction
no effect
The 10 ppm gibberellin plus 15 tons/ha compost treatment produced 0.67 kg seeds per plot, without a significant difference from other treatments.
PENGARUH ZAT PENGATUR TUMBUH GIBERELIN DAN PUPUK KOMPOS TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN KACANG HIJAU (Vigna radiata L) VARIETAS VIMA 4 · 2025 · compared with other treatments
No difference from an alternative
positive
Benzyladenine preincubation before auxin gave a significantly higher production rate than simultaneous auxin and benzyladenine.
Mechanism of cytokinin action on auxin-induced ethylene production¹ · 1975 · compared with untreated or buffer-treated tissues supplied with auxin and benzyladenine simultaneously
Same direction

18 papers more in this group

See all 22 papers →

potassium · yield · Vigna radiata (mung bean)Positive and negative results

54 papers: 50 positive, 4 negative or no effect

49 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative

no effect
Potassium did not significantly affect harvest index or 100-seed weight.
The impact of different potassium concentrations on the yield of mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) · 2022
Opposite direction
negative
Micronutrient sprays with fertilization excluding K2O gave maximum hard seed production in both seasons.
EFFECT OF FERTILIZATION AND LIMING ON HARDSEEDNESS IN GREENGRAM (VIGNA RADIATA L WILCZEK) · 2002
Opposite direction
negative
RDF alone gave significantly lower seed yield (256.7 kg/ha) than the Autonagar compost treatment.
Influence of urban compost on the yield and water productivity of green gram (Vigna Radiate L.) · 2019 · compared with urban compost from Autonagar (Urban Compost–II) @ 5.0 t ha-1 along with RDF
Opposite direction

50 papers more in this group

See all 54 papers →

application · yield · Vigna radiata (mung bean)Positive and negative results

216 papers: 209 positive, 7 negative or no effect

208 papers in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction

no effect
Germination yield of mung bean seeds was not significantly affected by the hot water and chlorine decontamination.
Scale-Up Seed Decontamination Process to Inactivate Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Enteritidis on Mung Bean Seeds · 2009
Opposite direction
no effect
Early spray plots did not differ from untreated plots in yield.
Timing of Triazole-Based Spray Schedules for Managing Mungbean Powdery Mildew in Australia: A Meta-Analysis · 2021 · compared with nontreated plots
Opposite direction
negative
Spraying with bentazone reduced mung bean yield
Tolerance of mung beans ( Vigna radiata ) to bentazone · 1979
Opposite direction

212 papers more in this group

See all 216 papers →

fertilization · yield · Vigna radiata (mung bean)Positive and negative results

375 papers: 364 positive, 11 negative or no effect

363 papers in the same direction as this paper · 10 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative

negative
Plants treated with nitrogen fertilizer and carbofuran gave a low harvest index compared with control
Nitrogen and Carbofuran Effects on the Growth and Yield Performance of Mungbean (Vigna radiata [L.] Wilczek) · 1988 · compared with control
Opposite direction
negative
NPK produced the lowest mungbean yield.
City Waste Compost and Sustainability of Rice-Wheat Cropping System · 2009
Opposite direction
no effect
Manure and fertilizer application did not significantly affect green gram growth and yield in the intercrop.
Response of Maize-Green Gram Intercropping to Manure and Mineral Fertilizers in Post Mined Soils · 2023
Opposite direction

371 papers more in this group

See all 375 papers →

class · nutrient: content · Vigna radiata (mung bean)Results agree

5 papers: 5 positive, 0 negative or no effect

4 papers in the same direction as this paper

positive
Mung bean hypocotyl vesicles released calcium in response to auxin.
Response of Isolated Plant Membranes to Auxins: Calcium Release · 1980
Same direction
positive
Both growth regulators increased mineral uptake versus control.
Silicic and Ascorbic Acid Induced Modulations in Photosynthetic, Mineral Uptake, and Yield Attributes of Mung Bean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) under Ozone Stress · 2023 · compared with control
Same direction
positive
Foliar growth regulator application significantly increased leaf NPK content up to 50 DAS, followed by decline through harvest.
Effect of foliar application of brassinolide and salicylic acid on NPK content in leaf and nutritive values of seed in green gram (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) · 2008
Same direction

1 paper more in this group

See all 5 papers →

8 of 10 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.

Abstract

Claims 10

The same questions in other papers

brassinolide · yield · Vigna radiata (mung bean)Positive and negative results

fertilization · quality: protein · Vigna radiata (mung bean)Results differ

phosphorus · yield · Vigna radiata (mung bean)Results differ

class · yield · Vigna radiata (mung bean)Positive and negative results

potassium · yield · Vigna radiata (mung bean)Positive and negative results

application · yield · Vigna radiata (mung bean)Positive and negative results

fertilization · yield · Vigna radiata (mung bean)Positive and negative results

class · nutrient: content · Vigna radiata (mung bean)Results agree