Abstract
Abstract Successful plant regeneration from calli is important during transformation and micropropagation of plants. In order to increase its efficiency, the redox environment of the wheat calli was modified. Calli were treated with 0, 10, 20 and 40 mM ascorbate (Asc) or H 2 O 2 for one week to compare their influence on shoot regeneration and the redox and hormonal regulatory mechanisms. Both compounds increased shoot formation in 10 mM concentration which could be the consequence of the mild oxidative stress indicated by increased H 2 O 2 levels. However, only 20 mM H 2 O 2 improved regeneration, while 20 mM Asc and both compounds at 40 mM levels had no such effect. Asc in 20 mM concentration was already very harmful based on the low survival of calli which could be the result of much larger increase in the ratio of oxidised glutathione compared to 20 mM H 2 O 2 . This change could contribute to the great reduction in the level of oxo-indole-3-acetic acid glucose-ester, trans- zeatin-glucosides and in isopentenyladenosine and its 9-glucoside in the more oxidising redox environment after 20 mM Asc treatment. These redox and hormonal changes after 20 mM Asc addition might also lead to much greater decrease of polyamine levels compared to 20 mM H 2 O 2 . In 10 mM concentration, both compounds improved shoot regeneration through their influence on metabolism, but at 20 mM level only H 2 O 2 exhibited such positive effect, and Asc was harmful. Thus, H 2 O 2 seems to be more appropriate for the induction of shoot formation during plant transformation and micropropagation.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Ascorbate at 10 mM increased shoot formation in wheat calli.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Organ / stage
- Callit0
- Treatment
- ascorbatee2
- Outcome
- shoot formatione1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Qualifier
- 10 mM concentratione1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat Calli”
e1“Both compounds increased shoot formation in 10 mM concentration”
e2“Calli were treated with 0, 10, 20 and 40 mM ascorbate (Asc) or H 2 O 2”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydrogen peroxide at 10 mM increased shoot formation in wheat calli.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- Callit0
- Treatment
- H 2 O 2e2
- Outcome
- shoot formatione1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Qualifier
- 10 mM concentratione1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat Calli”
e1“Both compounds increased shoot formation in 10 mM concentration”
e2“Calli were treated with 0, 10, 20 and 40 mM ascorbate (Asc) or H 2 O 2”
Claim · model-written summary
The 10 mM treatments increased H2O2 levels in wheat calli, indicating mild oxidative stress.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- Callit0
- Outcome
- H 2 O 2 levelse3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Qualifier
- mild oxidative stresse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat Calli”
e3“mild oxidative stress indicated by increased H 2 O 2 levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydrogen peroxide at 20 mM improved shoot regeneration in wheat calli.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- Callit0
- Treatment
- 20 mM H 2 O 2e5
- Outcome
- regeneratione5
- Direction
- improvede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat Calli”
e5“only 20 mM H 2 O 2 improved regeneration, while 20 mM Asc and both compounds at 40 mM levels had no such effect”
Claim · model-written summary
Ascorbate at 20 mM had no effect on shoot regeneration in wheat calli.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- Callit0
- Treatment
- 20 mM Asce5
- Outcome
- regeneratione5
- Direction
- had no such effecte5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat Calli”
e5“only 20 mM H 2 O 2 improved regeneration, while 20 mM Asc and both compounds at 40 mM levels had no such effect”
Claim · model-written summary
Ascorbate at 40 mM had no effect on shoot regeneration in wheat calli.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- Callit0
- Treatment
- 40 mM ascorbatee2
- Outcome
- regeneratione5
- Direction
- had no such effecte5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat Calli”
e2“Calli were treated with 0, 10, 20 and 40 mM ascorbate (Asc) or H 2 O 2”
e5“only 20 mM H 2 O 2 improved regeneration, while 20 mM Asc and both compounds at 40 mM levels had no such effect”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydrogen peroxide at 40 mM had no effect on shoot regeneration in wheat calli.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- Callit0
- Treatment
- H 2 O 2e2
- Outcome
- regeneratione5
- Direction
- had no such effecte5
- Qualifier
- 40 mM levelse5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat Calli”
e2“Calli were treated with 0, 10, 20 and 40 mM ascorbate (Asc) or H 2 O 2”
e5“only 20 mM H 2 O 2 improved regeneration, while 20 mM Asc and both compounds at 40 mM levels had no such effect”
Claim · model-written summary
Ascorbate at 20 mM was very harmful to wheat calli, with low survival.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- Callit0
- Treatment
- Asc in 20 mM concentratione6
- Outcome
- survival of callie6
- Direction
- lowe6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat Calli”
e6“Asc in 20 mM concentration was already very harmful based on the low survival of calli”
Claim · model-written summary
Ascorbate at 20 mM caused a much larger increase in the oxidised glutathione ratio than 20 mM H2O2 in wheat calli.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- Callit0
- Treatment
- Asc in 20 mM concentratione6
- Outcome
- ratio of oxidised glutathionee7
- Direction
- much larger increasee7
- Comparator
- 20 mM H 2 O 2e7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat Calli”
e6“Asc in 20 mM concentration was already very harmful based on the low survival of calli”
e7“much larger increase in the ratio of oxidised glutathione compared to 20 mM H 2 O 2”
Claim · model-written summary
Ascorbate at 20 mM reduced the levels of oxo-indole-3-acetic acid glucose-ester and trans-zeatin-glucosides in wheat calli.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- Callit0
- Treatment
- 20 mM Asce0
- Outcome
- level of oxo-indole-3-acetic acid glucose-ester, trans- zeatin-glucosidese1
- Direction
- great reductione1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat Calli”
e0“after 20 mM Asc treatment”
e1“the great reduction in the level of oxo-indole-3-acetic acid glucose-ester, trans- zeatin-glucosides and in isopentenyladenosine and its 9-glucoside”
Claim · model-written summary
Ascorbate at 20 mM reduced the level of isopentenyladenosine and its 9-glucoside in wheat calli.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- Callit0
- Treatment
- 20 mM Asce0
- Outcome
- isopentenyladenosine and its 9-glucosidee1
- Direction
- great reductione1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat Calli”
e0“after 20 mM Asc treatment”
e1“the great reduction in the level of oxo-indole-3-acetic acid glucose-ester, trans- zeatin-glucosides and in isopentenyladenosine and its 9-glucoside”
Claim · model-written summary
Ascorbate at 20 mM may cause a much greater decrease of polyamine levels than 20 mM H2O2 in wheat calli.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- Callit0
- Treatment
- 20 mM Asc additione1
- Outcome
- polyamine levelse1
- Direction
- much greater decreasee1
- Comparator
- 20 mM H 2 O 2e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat Calli”
e1“These redox and hormonal changes after 20 mM Asc addition might also lead to much greater decrease of polyamine levels compared to 20 mM H 2 O 2”
Claim · model-written summary
H2O2 seems more appropriate than ascorbate for inducing shoot formation during wheat transformation and micropropagation.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- Callit0
- Treatment
- H 2 O 2e1
- Outcome
- induction of shoot formatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat Calli”
e1“H 2 O 2 seems to be more appropriate for the induction of shoot formation during plant transformation and micropropagation”
The same questions in other papers
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See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.