Abstract
Background: The ubiquitin–proteasome system plays a critical role in plant antiviral defense, with HECT-type E3 ubiquitin ligases serving as key regulators of protein turnover. To explore the potential involvement of the HECT gene family in host resistance against tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), a comprehensive analysis was conducted in Nicotiana benthamiana. Methods: In this study, the HECT gene family in N. benthamiana was systematically investigated using a genome-wide bioinformatic analysis. The potential roles of these genes in the response to TYLCV infection were further examined using a virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) technique. Results: Using a Hidden Markov Model approach, 18 NbHECT genes were identified that phylogenetically clustered into four subfamilies with distinct structural features. Chromosomal location and synteny analyses indicated that these genes were unevenly distributed across 11 chromosomes, with 10 instances of segmental duplication identified. Tissue-specific expression profiling demonstrated that 17 NbHECTs were constitutively expressed, with Group III members showing the highest expression in reproductive tissues. Following TYLCV infection, NbHECT6 was significantly downregulated while NbHECT13 was upregulated in both inoculated and systemic leaves. Functional validation through the VIGS approach revealed that suppression of NbHECT6 and NbHECT13 increased host susceptibility, as evidenced by exacerbated symptom severity and enhanced viral DNA accumulation compared to controls. Conclusions: These findings establish NbHECT6 and NbHECT13 as critical components of the plant antiviral response, providing new insights into ubiquitin-mediated defense mechanisms against geminiviruses.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Eighteen NbHECT genes clustered into four subfamilies.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamiana
Nicotiana benthamianat0 - Gene
- NbHECTe0
- Outcome
- four subfamiliese0
- Value
- 18e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“18 NbHECT genes were identified that phylogenetically clustered into four subfamilies with distinct structural features”
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
NbHECT genes were unevenly distributed across 11 chromosomes, with 10 segmental duplications.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Outcome
- unevenly distributed across 11 chromosomese0
- Value
- 10 instancese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“these genes were unevenly distributed across 11 chromosomes, with 10 instances of segmental duplication identified”
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
Seventeen NbHECTs were constitutively expressed.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Gene
- NbHECTse0
- Outcome
- constitutively expressede0
- Value
- 17e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“17 NbHECTs were constitutively expressed”
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
Group III members had the highest expression in reproductive tissues.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Material
- Group III memberse0
- Organ / stage
- reproductive tissuese0
- Outcome
- expressione0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Group III members showing the highest expression in reproductive tissues”
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
TYLCV infection significantly downregulated NbHECT6.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Treatment
- TYLCV infectione0
- Interactor
- TYLCVTomato yellow leaf curl viruse0pathogen
- Gene
- NbHECT6e0
- Outcome
- NbHECT6e0
- Direction
- downregulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Following TYLCV infection, NbHECT6 was significantly downregulated”
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
TYLCV infection upregulated NbHECT13 in inoculated and systemic leaves.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Organ / stage
- inoculated and systemic leavese0
- Treatment
- TYLCV infectione0
- Gene
- NbHECT13e0
- Outcome
- NbHECT13e0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Following TYLCV infection, NbHECT6 was significantly downregulated while NbHECT13 was upregulated in both inoculated and systemic leaves”
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
NbHECT6 suppression increased host susceptibility and symptom severity.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Treatment
- suppression of NbHECT6e0
- Interactor
- virale0pathogen
- Outcome
- host susceptibilitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“suppression of NbHECT6 and NbHECT13 increased host susceptibility, as evidenced by exacerbated symptom severity and enhanced viral DNA accumulation compared to controls”
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
NbHECT13 suppression increased host susceptibility and viral DNA accumulation.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Treatment
- NbHECT13e0
- Interactor
- virale0pathogen
- Outcome
- host susceptibilitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“suppression of NbHECT6 and NbHECT13 increased host susceptibility, as evidenced by exacerbated symptom severity and enhanced viral DNA accumulation compared to controls”
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
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See all 143 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.