Abstract
BACKGROUND: Chrysanthemum virus B (CVB), a key member of the genus Carlavirus, family Betaflexiviridae, causes severe viral diseases in chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium) plants worldwide. However, information on the mechanisms underlying the response of chrysanthemum plants to CVB is scant. METHODS: Here, an integrated next-generation sequencing and comparative transcriptomic analysis of chrysanthemum leaves was conducted to explore the molecular response mechanisms of plants to a Chinese isolate of CVB (CVB-CN) at the molecular level. RESULTS: In total, 4934 significant differentially expressed genes (SDEGs) were identified to respond to CVB-CN, of which 4097 were upregulated and 837 were downregulated. Gene ontology and functional classification showed that the majority of upregulated SDEGs were categorized into gene cohorts involved in plant hormone signal transduction, phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis, and ribosome metabolism. Enrichment analysis demonstrated that ethylene pathway-related genes were significantly upregulated following CVB-CN infection, indicating a strong promotion of ethylene biosynthesis and signaling. Furthermore, disruption of the ethylene pathway in Nicotiana benthamiana, a model plant, using virus-induced gene silencing technology rendered them more susceptible to cysteine-rich protein of CVB-CN induced hypersensitive response, suggesting a crucial role of this pathway in response to CVB-CN infection. CONCLUSION: This study provides evidence that ethylene pathway has an essential role of plant in response to CVB and offers valuable insights into the defense mechanisms of chrysanthemum against Carlavirus.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
CVB-CN response included 4934 significant differentially expressed genes.
- Taxon
- Chrysanthemum morifolium
Chrysanthemum ×morifoliume1 - Interactor
- CVB-CNe0pathogen
- Outcome
- significant differentially expressed genes (SDEGs)e0
- Value
- 4934e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In total, 4934 significant differentially expressed genes (SDEGs) were identified to respond to CVB-CN”
e1“chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium) plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Of the SDEGs responding to CVB-CN, 4097 were upregulated.
- Taxon
- Chrysanthemum morifoliumChrysanthemum ×morifoliume1
- Interactor
- CVB-CNe2pathogen
- Outcome
- SDEGse3
- Direction
- upregulatede0
- Value
- 4097e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“of which 4097 were upregulated and 837 were downregulated”
e1“chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium) plants”
e2“respond to CVB-CN”
e3“In total, 4934 significant differentially expressed genes (SDEGs) were identified to respond to CVB-CN”
Claim · model-written summary
Of the SDEGs responding to CVB-CN, 837 were downregulated.
- Taxon
- Chrysanthemum morifoliumChrysanthemum ×morifoliume1
- Interactor
- CVB-CNe2pathogen
- Outcome
- SDEGse3
- Direction
- downregulatede0
- Value
- 837e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“of which 4097 were upregulated and 837 were downregulated”
e1“chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium) plants”
e2“respond to CVB-CN”
e3“In total, 4934 significant differentially expressed genes (SDEGs) were identified to respond to CVB-CN”
Claim · model-written summary
Most upregulated SDEGs fell in plant hormone signaling, phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis, and ribosome metabolism categories.
- Taxon
- Chrysanthemum morifoliumChrysanthemum ×morifoliume1
- Interactor
- CVB-CNe2pathogen
- Outcome
- gene cohorts involved in plant hormone signal transduction, phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis, and ribosome metabolisme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the majority of upregulated SDEGs were categorized into gene cohorts involved in plant hormone signal transduction, phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis, and ribosome metabolism”
e1“chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium) plants”
e2“following CVB-CN infection”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene pathway genes were significantly upregulated after CVB-CN infection.
- Taxon
- Chrysanthemum morifoliumChrysanthemum ×morifoliume1
- Interactor
- CVB-CNe0pathogen
- Outcome
- ethylene pathway-related genese0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ethylene pathway-related genes were significantly upregulated following CVB-CN infection”
e1“chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium) plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors interpreted ethylene gene upregulation as promotion of biosynthesis and signaling.
- Taxon
- Chrysanthemum morifoliumChrysanthemum ×morifoliume2
- Interactor
- CVB-CNe1pathogen
- Gene
- ethylene pathway-related genese1
- Outcome
- strong promotion of ethylene biosynthesis and signalinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“indicating a strong promotion of ethylene biosynthesis and signaling”
e1“ethylene pathway-related genes were significantly upregulated following CVB-CN infection”
e2“chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium) plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing the ethylene pathway made Nicotiana benthamiana more susceptible to CVB-CN cysteine-rich protein induced hypersensitive response.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamiana
Nicotiana benthamianae0 - Treatment
- disruption of the ethylene pathwaye0
- Interactor
- CVB-CNe0pathogen
- Outcome
- susceptible to cysteine-rich protein of CVB-CN induced hypersensitive responsee0
- Direction
- more susceptiblee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“disruption of the ethylene pathway in Nicotiana benthamiana, a model plant, using virus-induced gene silencing technology rendered them more susceptible to cysteine-rich protein of CVB-CN induced hypersensitive response”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors inferred an essential ethylene pathway role in chrysanthemum defense against CVB.
- Taxon
- chrysanthemum
.jpeg?width=60)
Chrysanthemume1 - Interactor
- Carlavirus
Carlaviruse1pathogen - Outcome
- defense mechanisms of chrysanthemum against Carlaviruse1
- Qualifier
- ethylene pathwaye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpeg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“ethylene pathway has an essential role of plant in response to CVB”
e1“defense mechanisms of chrysanthemum against Carlavirus”
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