Abstract
The rhizosphere microbiome critically determines plant health and productivity. This study investigated the impact of Bacillus subtilis H38 on the taxonomic and functional profiles of the winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) rhizosphere microbiome under typical chernozem conditions using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and shotgun metagenomics, complemented by plant phenotypic evaluation and targeted metabolite analysis. Inoculation with B. subtilis H38 significantly restructured the rhizosphere bacterial community, increasing alpha-diversity (Shannon index from 5.8 to 6.7) and showing distinct clustering in beta-diversity analysis. The relative abundance of putative plant-beneficial genera, including Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Azotobacter, and Streptomyces, was significantly elevated. Shotgun metagenomic analysis revealed enrichment of functional genes associated with nitrogen fixation, phosphorus mobilization, phytohormone biosynthesis, siderophore production, and synthesis of antimicrobial compounds. Targeted metabolomic analysis confirmed elevated levels of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and key siderophores. Concurrently, treated wheat plants exhibited an 18.0% increase in aboveground biomass and a 25.0% increase in root length under field conditions. These findings underscore the potential of B. subtilis to beneficially reshape the rhizosphere microbiome and its metagenome, leading to enhanced plant growth, and highlight its utility as a potent biofertilizer for improving wheat productivity. This research reinforces the potential of harnessing beneficial plant-microbe interactions to enhance agricultural productivity while minimizing dependence on synthetic agrochemicals.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
B. subtilis H38 inoculation increased rhizosphere bacterial alpha diversity in winter wheat from 5.8 to 6.7.
- Taxon
- winter wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- Inoculation with B. subtilis H38e0
- Interactor
- B. subtilis H38
Bacillus subtilise0symbiont - Outcome
- alpha-diversitye0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Value
- 5.8 to 6.7e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation with B. subtilis H38 significantly restructured the rhizosphere bacterial community, increasing alpha-diversity (Shannon index from 5.8 to 6.7)”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
B. subtilis H38 inoculation produced distinct beta-diversity clustering in the winter wheat rhizosphere.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Inoculation with B. subtilis H38e0
- Interactor
- B. subtilis H38Bacillus subtilise0symbiont
- Outcome
- distinct clustering in beta-diversity analysise0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation with B. subtilis H38 significantly restructured the rhizosphere bacterial community, increasing alpha-diversity (Shannon index from 5.8 to 6.7) and showing distinct clustering in beta-diversity analysis.”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
B. subtilis H38 inoculation elevated the relative abundance of four putatively beneficial bacterial genera in the wheat rhizosphere.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Inoculation with B. subtilis H38e1
- Interactor
- B. subtilis H38Bacillus subtilise1symbiont
- Outcome
- relative abundance of putative plant-beneficial genera, including Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Azotobacter, and Streptomycese0
- Direction
- elevatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The relative abundance of putative plant-beneficial genera, including Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Azotobacter, and Streptomyces, was significantly elevated.”
e1“Inoculation with B. subtilis H38”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
B. subtilis H38 inoculation enriched rhizosphere genes for nitrogen fixation, phosphorus mobilization, and phytohormone biosynthesis.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Inoculation with B. subtilis H38e1
- Interactor
- B. subtilis H38Bacillus subtilise1symbiont
- Outcome
- functional genes associated with nitrogen fixation, phosphorus mobilization, phytohormone biosynthesise0
- Direction
- enrichmente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Shotgun metagenomic analysis revealed enrichment of functional genes associated with nitrogen fixation, phosphorus mobilization, phytohormone biosynthesis, siderophore production, and synthesis of antimicrobial compounds.”
e1“Inoculation with B. subtilis H38”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
B. subtilis H38 inoculation enriched rhizosphere genes associated with siderophore and antimicrobial compound synthesis.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Inoculation with B. subtilis H38e1
- Interactor
- B. subtilis H38Bacillus subtilise1symbiont
- Outcome
- siderophore production, and synthesis of antimicrobial compoundse0
- Direction
- enrichmente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Shotgun metagenomic analysis revealed enrichment of functional genes associated with nitrogen fixation, phosphorus mobilization, phytohormone biosynthesis, siderophore production, and synthesis of antimicrobial compounds.”
e1“Inoculation with B. subtilis H38”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
B. subtilis H38 inoculation elevated indole-3-acetic acid and key siderophore levels in the wheat rhizosphere.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Inoculation with B. subtilis H38e1
- Interactor
- B. subtilis H38Bacillus subtilise1symbiont
- Outcome
- levels of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and key siderophorese0
- Direction
- elevatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Targeted metabolomic analysis confirmed elevated levels of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and key siderophores.”
e1“Inoculation with B. subtilis H38”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
B. subtilis H38 treatment increased wheat aboveground biomass by 18.0% under field conditions.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Inoculation with B. subtilis H38e1
- Interactor
- B. subtilis H38Bacillus subtilise1symbiont
- Outcome
- aboveground biomasse0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 18.0%e0
- Setting
- field conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“treated wheat plants exhibited an 18.0% increase in aboveground biomass and a 25.0% increase in root length under field conditions”
e1“Inoculation with B. subtilis H38”
Claim · model-written summary
B. subtilis H38 treatment increased wheat root length by 25.0% under field conditions.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Inoculation with B. subtilis H38e1
- Interactor
- B. subtilis H38Bacillus subtilise1symbiont
- Outcome
- root lengthe0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 25.0%e0
- Setting
- field conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“treated wheat plants exhibited an 18.0% increase in aboveground biomass and a 25.0% increase in root length under field conditions”
e1“Inoculation with B. subtilis H38”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose B. subtilis as a biofertilizer for improving wheat productivity.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Interactor
- B. subtilisBacillus subtilise1symbiont
- Outcome
- improving wheat productivitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“highlight its utility as a potent biofertilizer for improving wheat productivity”
e1“potential of B. subtilis to beneficially reshape the rhizosphere microbiome”
t0“winter wheat”
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See all 532 papers →8 of 9 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.