Abstract
• Moderate compost combined with nitrogen boosts citrus seedling growth. • Nutrient balance improves across diverse citrus rootstocks with compost-N. • Compost–N synergy enhances uptake of key macro- and micronutrients. • Rootstock responses vary, highlighting genotype-specific nutrient interactions. • Sustainable fertilization strategies can optimize citrus nursery production. Excessive use of mineral nitrogen fertilizers undermines soil health and sustainability in citrus production. Compost offers a promising alternative, but its interaction with nitrogen and rootstock remains unclear. A factorial experiment was established using Thomson Navel orange grafted onto Citrumelo, Citrange, and Sour Orange rootstocks to evaluate the combined effects of sulfur-enriched compost (0–7.5 % w/w) and ammonium sulfate (0–80 mg N kg⁻¹ soil). Moderate compost (2.5–5 %) combined with moderate nitrogen (≈40 mg kg⁻¹) improved growth and balanced leaf nutrition, while excessive nitrogen reduced uptake of key nutrients. Compost enhanced micronutrients (Mn, Cu), and rootstock strongly influenced Fe and Zn. These results highlight that partial substitution of synthetic nitrogen with compost, adjusted to rootstock responses, is a practical and climate-smart strategy for sustainable citrus management.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Moderate compost and nitrogen improved growth.
- Taxon
- Thomson Navel orange
Citrus sinensise1 - Treatment
- Moderate compost (2.5–5 %) combined with moderate nitrogen (≈40 mg kg⁻¹)e0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Moderate compost (2.5–5 %) combined with moderate nitrogen (≈40 mg kg⁻¹) improved growth and balanced leaf nutrition”
e1“Thomson Navel orange grafted onto Citrumelo, Citrange, and Sour Orange rootstocks”
Claim · model-written summary
Moderate compost and nitrogen balanced leaf nutrition.
- Taxon
- Thomson Navel orangeCitrus sinensise1
- Treatment
- Moderate compost (2.5–5 %) combined with moderate nitrogen (≈40 mg kg⁻¹)e0
- Outcome
- leaf nutritione0
- Direction
- balancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Moderate compost (2.5–5 %) combined with moderate nitrogen (≈40 mg kg⁻¹) improved growth and balanced leaf nutrition”
e1“Thomson Navel orange grafted onto Citrumelo, Citrange, and Sour Orange rootstocks”
Claim · model-written summary
Excessive nitrogen reduced nutrient uptake.
- Taxon
- Thomson Navel orangeCitrus sinensise1
- Treatment
- excessive nitrogene0
- Outcome
- uptake of key nutrientse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“excessive nitrogen reduced uptake of key nutrients.”
e1“Thomson Navel orange grafted onto Citrumelo, Citrange, and Sour Orange rootstocks”
Claim · model-written summary
Compost enhanced manganese and copper.
- Taxon
- Thomson Navel orangeCitrus sinensise1
- Treatment
- Composte0
- Outcome
- micronutrients (Mn, Cu)e0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compost enhanced micronutrients (Mn, Cu)”
e1“Thomson Navel orange grafted onto Citrumelo, Citrange, and Sour Orange rootstocks”
Claim · model-written summary
Rootstock strongly influenced iron and zinc.
- Taxon
- Thomson Navel orangeCitrus sinensise1
- Material
- Citrumelo, Citrange, and Sour Orange rootstockse1
- Outcome
- Fe and Zne0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rootstock strongly influenced Fe and Zn.”
e1“Thomson Navel orange grafted onto Citrumelo, Citrange, and Sour Orange rootstocks”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors favor partial synthetic nitrogen substitution adjusted to rootstock responses.
- Taxon
- Thomson Navel orangeCitrus sinensise1
- Outcome
- partial substitution of synthetic nitrogen with compost, adjusted to rootstock responsese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“partial substitution of synthetic nitrogen with compost, adjusted to rootstock responses, is a practical and climate-smart strategy for sustainable citrus management.”
e1“Thomson Navel orange grafted onto Citrumelo, Citrange, and Sour Orange rootstocks”
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