Abstract
Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) is a vital horticultural crop in Kazakhstan, especially in the southern and southeastern regions, where yields often fall short of their biological potential. This study evaluated the effects of selected foliar-applied biostimulants and micronutrient formulations on vegetative growth, yield, fruit quality, and economic performance of tomato under the agroecological conditions of Southeastern Kazakhstan. The experimental design included seven treatments: six commercial products—Fitolaza, Nano Sulfur, Scudo, Calcium Humate, CompleMet-Tomato, and BioSok Energy—applied individually or in combination, alongside a non-treated control. All treatments improved vegetative parameters such as plant height, stem diameter, leaf number, and total biomass. The T3 treatment (Fitolaza + Nano Sulfur) consistently delivered superior performance across all growth stages and achieved the highest fruit yield (26.10 t/ha), representing a 31.49% increase over the control. T7 (CompleMet-Tomato) and T5 (Calcium Humate) also demonstrated notable yield improvements. Biochemical analyses revealed that these treatments enhanced dry matter, total sugar, and vitamin C content in fruits, while keeping nitrate levels below the permissible threshold. Economic evaluation identified T3 as the most profitable treatment (USD 1,932.99/ha), followed by T7 and T5, with profitability rates exceeding 140%. These results highlight the potential of foliar biostimulant strategies to enhance both productivity and profitability in tomato cultivation, offering a viable path toward more sustainable and resource-efficient horticultural practices.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by-sa. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
All foliar treatments improved tomato height, stem diameter and leaf number.
- Taxon
- Tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- All treatmentse0
- Outcome
- plant height, stem diameter, leaf numbere0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- non-treated controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All treatments improved vegetative parameters such as plant height, stem diameter, leaf number, and total biomass”
e1“non-treated control”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
All foliar treatments improved tomato biomass.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- All treatmentse0
- Outcome
- total biomasse0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- non-treated controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All treatments improved vegetative parameters such as plant height, stem diameter, leaf number, and total biomass”
e1“non-treated control”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
T3 delivered superior growth performance across all stages.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- T3 treatment (Fitolaza + Nano Sulfur)e0
- Outcome
- superior performancee0
- Direction
- superiore0
- Qualifier
- all growth stagese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The T3 treatment (Fitolaza + Nano Sulfur) consistently delivered superior performance across all growth stages”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
T3 produced highest tomato fruit yield of 26.10 t/ha, 31.49% above control.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- T3 treatment (Fitolaza + Nano Sulfur)e1
- Outcome
- fruit yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 26.10 t/hae0
- Qualifier
- 31.49% increasee0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“achieved the highest fruit yield (26.10 t/ha), representing a 31.49% increase over the control”
e1“T3 treatment (Fitolaza + Nano Sulfur)”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
T7 improved tomato yield.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- T7 (CompleMet-Tomato)e0
- Outcome
- yield improvementse0
- Direction
- improvementse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“T7 (CompleMet-Tomato) and T5 (Calcium Humate) also demonstrated notable yield improvements”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
T5 improved tomato yield.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- T5 (Calcium Humate)e0
- Outcome
- yield improvementse0
- Direction
- improvementse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“T7 (CompleMet-Tomato) and T5 (Calcium Humate) also demonstrated notable yield improvements”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
The treatments increased fruit dry matter, sugar and vitamin C.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- these treatmentse0
- Outcome
- dry matter, total sugar, and vitamin C content in fruitse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“these treatments enhanced dry matter, total sugar, and vitamin C content in fruits”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
The treatments kept fruit nitrate levels below the permissible threshold.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- these treatmentse1
- Outcome
- nitrate levelse0
- Direction
- belowe0
- Comparator
- permissible thresholde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“while keeping nitrate levels below the permissible threshold”
e1“these treatments enhanced dry matter”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
T3 was the most profitable treatment at USD 1,932.99/ha.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- T3e0
- Outcome
- most profitable treatmente0
- Value
- USD 1,932.99/hae0
Not reportedMaterial
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“T3 as the most profitable treatment (USD 1,932.99/ha)”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
T7 and T5 followed T3 in profitability, with rates exceeding 140%.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- profitability ratese0
- Value
- 140%e0
- Qualifier
- T7 and T5e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“followed by T7 and T5, with profitability rates exceeding 140%”
t0“tomato”
The same questions in other papers
calcium atom · yield · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results differ
66 papers in the same direction as this paper · 11 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- negative
75 papers more in this group
See all 79 papers →sulfur atom · yield · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- no effect
5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →nanoparticle · yield · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
53 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- no effect
- positive
52 papers more in this group
See all 56 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.