Abstract
Micronutrient deficiencies, particularly of iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn), are a persistent constraint to crop productivity and nutritional quality in calcareous soils with high pH. This study investigated the effects of EDTA (ethylene dinitrilo tetraacetic acid disodium salt dihydrate), Fe-EDTA in combination with different Zn fertilization rates on dry matter yield and tissue Fe and Zn status of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L., cv. BDME-10). A greenhouse experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Treatments included Fe-EDTA applied at 0, 2, and 10 mg Fe kg-1, unchelated EDTA at 0, 13, and 65 mg kg-1, together with Zn sulfate at 0, 0.05, and 5 mg Zn kg-1. Both Fe and Zn fertilization enhanced biomass production and Fe and Zn concentrations. The greatest yield improvement, corresponding to a 43% increase compared with control, was obtained with 10 mg Fe kg-1 as Fe-EDTA in combination with 5 mg Zn kg-1. Zinc application also markedly increased Zn uptake, with Zn uptake rising from 1.61 µg plant-1 in the control plants to 37.26 µg plant-1 at the highest Zn dose. However, this increase in Zn dosage led to reductions in Fe concentration and uptake of up to 48%. In Fe-EDTA treatments, Fe uptake reached 76.94 µg plant-1 at moderate Zn supply but decreased to 56.62 µg plant-1 under excess Zn. EDTA, however, also increased both Fe and Zn uptake, yet its effectiveness remained consistently lower than that of Fe-EDTA under comparable conditions. These results demonstrate that Fe-EDTA is a more efficient, supporting higher Fe acquisition and Zn accumulation while reducing the severity of Zn–Fe antagonism. A balanced combination of Fe-EDTA and Zn supply therefore represents a promising approach to improve both yield and Fe and Zn content of wheat in calcareous soils.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Fe and Zn fertilization increased biomass and nutrient concentrations.
- Taxon
- bread wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- Fe and Zn fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- biomass production and Fe and Zn concentrationse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both Fe and Zn fertilization enhanced biomass production and Fe and Zn concentrations.”
t0“Bread Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined high Fe-EDTA and Zn treatment raised yield 43% over control.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 10 mg Fe kg-1 as Fe-EDTA in combination with 5 mg Zn kg-1e0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 43%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The greatest yield improvement, corresponding to a 43% increase compared with control, was obtained with 10 mg Fe kg-1 as Fe-EDTA in combination with 5 mg Zn kg-1.”
t0“Bread Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Highest Zn dose raised Zn uptake from 1.61 to 37.26 µg per plant.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- highest Zn dosee0
- Outcome
- Zn uptakee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 37.26 µg plant-1e0
- Qualifier
- 1.61 µg plant-1e0
- Comparator
- control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zinc application also markedly increased Zn uptake, with Zn uptake rising from 1.61 µg plant-1 in the control plants to 37.26 µg plant-1 at the highest Zn dose.”
t0“Bread Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher Zn dosage reduced Fe concentration and uptake by up to 48%.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- increase in Zn dosagee0
- Outcome
- Fe concentration and uptakee0
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Value
- 48%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this increase in Zn dosage led to reductions in Fe concentration and uptake of up to 48%.”
t0“Bread Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Fe uptake under Fe-EDTA fell from 76.94 at moderate Zn to 56.62 µg per plant at excess Zn.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- excess Zne0
- Outcome
- Fe uptakee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 56.62 µg plant-1e0
- Qualifier
- 76.94 µg plant-1e0
- Comparator
- moderate Zn supplye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In Fe-EDTA treatments, Fe uptake reached 76.94 µg plant-1 at moderate Zn supply but decreased to 56.62 µg plant-1 under excess Zn.”
t0“Bread Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
EDTA increased Fe and Zn uptake less effectively than Fe-EDTA.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- EDTAe0
- Outcome
- Fe and Zn uptakee0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- Fe-EDTAe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“EDTA, however, also increased both Fe and Zn uptake, yet its effectiveness remained consistently lower than that of Fe-EDTA under comparable conditions.”
t0“Bread Wheat”
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