Abstract
Wheat yield in Pakistan is constrained by improper seed rates and weed interference. A two-year field trial (2020–2021) was conducted to determine the optimal seed rate and critical weed competition period for wheat. Treatments included three seed rates (37, 74, and 111 kg ha−1) with weed competition and weed-free periods up to 45, 60, and 75 days after sowing (DAS), along with full-season competition. The treatments were arranged in an RCBD in three replications. Results showed that a seed rate of 111 kg ha−1 with a weed-free period up to 75 DAS significantly reduced weed cover, density, and dry weight. It also enhanced plant height, productive tillers, grains per spike, 1000-grain weight, grain yield, biological yield, crop vigor, growth rate, leaf area index, test weight, and grain protein content of wheat. Weed-free up to 45 DAS resulted in better performance than the same duration of weed competition, showing that early-season weed control is important. The study confirms that the critical period for weed management may begin before 45 DAS and extend to around 75 DAS and recommends a seed rate of 111 kg ha−1 with at least 60 DAS weed-free period to maximize growth, yield, and quality of wheat.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
A seed rate of 111 kg ha−1 with a weed-free period up to 75 DAS significantly reduced weed cover, density, and dry weight in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- a seed rate of 111 kg ha−1 with a weed-free period up to 75 DASe1
- Interactor
- weede1weed
- Outcome
- weed cover, density, and dry weighte1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Setting
- field triale0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Enhancing wheat yield and quality”
e0“A two-year field trial (2020–2021) was conducted”
e1“a seed rate of 111 kg ha−1 with a weed-free period up to 75 DAS significantly reduced weed cover, density, and dry weight”
Claim · model-written summary
A seed rate of 111 kg ha−1 with a weed-free period up to 75 DAS enhanced plant height, productive tillers and grains per spike in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- a seed rate of 111 kg ha−1 with a weed-free period up to 75 DASe1
- Interactor
- weede1weed
- Outcome
- plant height, productive tillers, grains per spikee2
- Direction
- enhancede2
- Setting
- field triale0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Enhancing wheat yield and quality”
e0“A two-year field trial (2020–2021) was conducted”
e1“a seed rate of 111 kg ha−1 with a weed-free period up to 75 DAS significantly reduced weed cover, density, and dry weight”
e2“It also enhanced plant height, productive tillers, grains per spike, 1000-grain weight, grain yield, biological yield, crop vigor, growth rate, leaf area index, test weight, and grain protein content of wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
A seed rate of 111 kg ha−1 with a weed-free period up to 75 DAS enhanced 1000-grain weight, grain yield and biological yield in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- a seed rate of 111 kg ha−1 with a weed-free period up to 75 DASe1
- Interactor
- weede1weed
- Outcome
- 1000-grain weight, grain yield, biological yielde2
- Direction
- enhancede2
- Setting
- field triale0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Enhancing wheat yield and quality”
e0“A two-year field trial (2020–2021) was conducted”
e1“a seed rate of 111 kg ha−1 with a weed-free period up to 75 DAS significantly reduced weed cover, density, and dry weight”
e2“It also enhanced plant height, productive tillers, grains per spike, 1000-grain weight, grain yield, biological yield, crop vigor, growth rate, leaf area index, test weight, and grain protein content of wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
A seed rate of 111 kg ha−1 with a weed-free period up to 75 DAS enhanced crop vigor, growth rate and leaf area index in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- a seed rate of 111 kg ha−1 with a weed-free period up to 75 DASe1
- Interactor
- weede1weed
- Outcome
- crop vigor, growth rate, leaf area indexe2
- Direction
- enhancede2
- Setting
- field triale0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Enhancing wheat yield and quality”
e0“A two-year field trial (2020–2021) was conducted”
e1“a seed rate of 111 kg ha−1 with a weed-free period up to 75 DAS significantly reduced weed cover, density, and dry weight”
e2“It also enhanced plant height, productive tillers, grains per spike, 1000-grain weight, grain yield, biological yield, crop vigor, growth rate, leaf area index, test weight, and grain protein content of wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
A seed rate of 111 kg ha−1 with a weed-free period up to 75 DAS enhanced test weight and grain protein content of wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- a seed rate of 111 kg ha−1 with a weed-free period up to 75 DASe1
- Interactor
- weede1weed
- Outcome
- test weight, and grain protein contente2
- Direction
- enhancede2
- Setting
- field triale0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Enhancing wheat yield and quality”
e0“A two-year field trial (2020–2021) was conducted”
e1“a seed rate of 111 kg ha−1 with a weed-free period up to 75 DAS significantly reduced weed cover, density, and dry weight”
e2“It also enhanced plant height, productive tillers, grains per spike, 1000-grain weight, grain yield, biological yield, crop vigor, growth rate, leaf area index, test weight, and grain protein content of wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed-free up to 45 DAS gave better performance than the same duration of weed competition in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Weed-free up to 45 DASe3
- Interactor
- weede3weed
- Outcome
- performancee3
- Direction
- bettere3
- Comparator
- the same duration of weed competitione3
- Setting
- field triale0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Enhancing wheat yield and quality”
e0“A two-year field trial (2020–2021) was conducted”
e3“Weed-free up to 45 DAS resulted in better performance than the same duration of weed competition”
Claim · model-written summary
A seed rate of 111 kg ha−1 with at least 60 DAS weed-free period is recommended to maximize growth, yield and quality of wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- seed rate of 111 kg ha−1 with at least 60 DAS weed-free periode4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Enhancing wheat yield and quality”
e4“recommends a seed rate of 111 kg ha−1 with at least 60 DAS weed-free period”
Claim · model-written summary
The critical period for weed management may begin before 45 DAS and extend to around 75 DAS in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- critical period for weed managemente5
- Qualifier
- may begin before 45 DAS and extend to around 75 DASe5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Enhancing wheat yield and quality”
e5“The study confirms that the critical period for weed management may begin before 45 DAS and extend to around 75 DAS”
The same questions in other papers
herbicide · quality: protein · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ
19 papers in the same direction as this paper · 13 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- negative
29 papers more in this group
See all 33 papers →density · quality: protein · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
18 papers in the same direction as this paper · 16 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
31 papers more in this group
See all 35 papers →density · weed · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
36 papers in the same direction as this paper · 9 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
- no effect
42 papers more in this group
See all 46 papers →density · growth · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
80 papers in the same direction as this paper · 29 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- no effect
106 papers more in this group
See all 110 papers →herbicide · growth · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
63 papers in the same direction as this paper · 51 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- negative
112 papers more in this group
See all 116 papers →herbicide · weed · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
361 papers in the same direction as this paper · 34 in the opposite direction · 5 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- negative
- negative
397 papers more in this group
See all 401 papers →density · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
375 papers in the same direction as this paper · 115 in the opposite direction · 7 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
- positive
494 papers more in this group
See all 498 papers →herbicide · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
465 papers in the same direction as this paper · 87 in the opposite direction · 10 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
- negative
559 papers more in this group
See all 563 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.